TY - JOUR
T1 - XHorizontal gene transfer from diverse bacteria to an insect genome enables a tripartite nested mealybug symbiosis
AU - Husnik, Filip
AU - Nikoh, Naruo
AU - Koga, Ryuichi
AU - Ross, Laura
AU - Duncan, Rebecca P.
AU - Fujie, Manabu
AU - Tanaka, Makiko
AU - Satoh, Nori
AU - Bachtrog, Doris
AU - Wilson, Alex C.C.
AU - Von Dohlen, Carol D.
AU - Fukatsu, Takema
AU - McCutcheon, John P.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dan Vanderpool, Yu Matsuura, Kaoru Nikoh, and Dionna Norris for technical and experimental assistance, Minyong Chung for facilitating genome sequencing, Jesse Johnson for access to computing resources, and Nobuo Sawamura and Junko Makino for insect samples. The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work. F.H. was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (P505/10/1401 and 13-01878S). T.F. and N.N. were supported by the Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN) and by KAKENHI (22128001 and 22128007). L.R. was supported by the Royal Society and Somerville College, University of Oxford. R.P.D. was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. C.D.v.D. was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. D.B. was supported by NIH grants (R01GM076007 and R01GM093182) and a Packard Fellowship. A.C.C.W. was supported by University of Miami start-up funds and NSF award IOS-1121847. J.P.M. was supported by NSF award IOS-1256680, the Montana NSF-EPSCoR award EPS0701906, and is an Associate in the Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.
PY - 2013/6/20
Y1 - 2013/6/20
N2 - Summary The smallest reported bacterial genome belongs to Tremblaya princeps, a symbiont of Planococcus citri mealybugs (PCIT). Tremblaya PCIT not only has a 139 kb genome, but possesses its own bacterial endosymbiont, Moranella endobia. Genome and transcriptome sequencing, including genome sequencing from a Tremblaya lineage lacking intracellular bacteria, reveals that the extreme genomic degeneracy of Tremblaya PCIT likely resulted from acquiring Moranella as an endosymbiont. In addition, at least 22 expressed horizontally transferred genes from multiple diverse bacteria to the mealybug genome likely complement missing symbiont genes. However, none of these horizontally transferred genes are from Tremblaya, showing that genome reduction in this symbiont has not been enabled by gene transfer to the host nucleus. Our results thus indicate that the functioning of this three-way symbiosis is dependent on genes from at least six lineages of organisms and reveal a path to intimate endosymbiosis distinct from that followed by organelles.
AB - Summary The smallest reported bacterial genome belongs to Tremblaya princeps, a symbiont of Planococcus citri mealybugs (PCIT). Tremblaya PCIT not only has a 139 kb genome, but possesses its own bacterial endosymbiont, Moranella endobia. Genome and transcriptome sequencing, including genome sequencing from a Tremblaya lineage lacking intracellular bacteria, reveals that the extreme genomic degeneracy of Tremblaya PCIT likely resulted from acquiring Moranella as an endosymbiont. In addition, at least 22 expressed horizontally transferred genes from multiple diverse bacteria to the mealybug genome likely complement missing symbiont genes. However, none of these horizontally transferred genes are from Tremblaya, showing that genome reduction in this symbiont has not been enabled by gene transfer to the host nucleus. Our results thus indicate that the functioning of this three-way symbiosis is dependent on genes from at least six lineages of organisms and reveal a path to intimate endosymbiosis distinct from that followed by organelles.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.040
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.040
M3 - Article
C2 - 23791183
AN - SCOPUS:84879348435
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 153
SP - 1567
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 7
ER -