TY - JOUR
T1 - Validation of a method to assess ADHD-related impulsivity in animal models
AU - Watterson, Elizabeth
AU - Mazur, Gabriel J.
AU - Sanabria, Federico
N1 - Funding Information:
The present study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health ( MH094562 ) and by the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences at Arizona State University . We thank Chris Fencl, Ryan J. Brackney, Carter W. Daniels, Raul Garcia, Jake Gilmour, Briana Martinez, Luis Lopez, Andrew Nye, Paulina Solis, and Cavan Winikates for support in data collection and analysis. Raul Garcia, Briana Martinez, and Luis Lopez were supported by the Western Alliance to Expand Student Opportunities (WAESO).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V..
PY - 2015/9/3
Y1 - 2015/9/3
N2 - Background: Response inhibition capacity (RIC), the ability to withhold instrumentally reinforced responses, is compromised in ADHD. Most standard methods for assessing RIC in rodents potentially confound motivational, motor, learning, and inhibitory processes, lack sensitivity to pharmacological treatment, and have unknown reliability. New method: The fixed minimum interval (FMI) schedule of reinforcement and its associated analytical techniques are designed to dissociate inhibitory processes from incentive-motivational and timing processes. This study is aimed at validating the FMI as a method for assessing RIC in animal models. FMI performance was compared across different withholding requirements (0.5, 3, 6 and 21. s), deprivation levels, reinforcement rates, and reinforcer magnitudes. Results and comparison with existing methods: Motivational manipulations differentially affected estimates of incentive motivation but not the FMI-derived index of RIC, θ. Changes in the withholding requirement influenced timed IRTs in a manner consistent with extant timing theories. Individual estimates of RIC were resilient to prolonged changes in motivation but not to changes in FMI schedule. Results indicate that the FMI schedule is not vulnerable to the same limitations associated with existing methods for assessing RIC. Conclusions: These results support the use of the FMI schedule and associated analytic techniques as tools for assessing RIC in animal models.
AB - Background: Response inhibition capacity (RIC), the ability to withhold instrumentally reinforced responses, is compromised in ADHD. Most standard methods for assessing RIC in rodents potentially confound motivational, motor, learning, and inhibitory processes, lack sensitivity to pharmacological treatment, and have unknown reliability. New method: The fixed minimum interval (FMI) schedule of reinforcement and its associated analytical techniques are designed to dissociate inhibitory processes from incentive-motivational and timing processes. This study is aimed at validating the FMI as a method for assessing RIC in animal models. FMI performance was compared across different withholding requirements (0.5, 3, 6 and 21. s), deprivation levels, reinforcement rates, and reinforcer magnitudes. Results and comparison with existing methods: Motivational manipulations differentially affected estimates of incentive motivation but not the FMI-derived index of RIC, θ. Changes in the withholding requirement influenced timed IRTs in a manner consistent with extant timing theories. Individual estimates of RIC were resilient to prolonged changes in motivation but not to changes in FMI schedule. Results indicate that the FMI schedule is not vulnerable to the same limitations associated with existing methods for assessing RIC. Conclusions: These results support the use of the FMI schedule and associated analytic techniques as tools for assessing RIC in animal models.
KW - ADHD
KW - Fixed minimum interval schedule
KW - Impulsivity
KW - Incentive motivation
KW - Response inhibition capacity
KW - Temporal Regulation model
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.020
DO - 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.020
M3 - Article
C2 - 25840365
AN - SCOPUS:84953638220
SN - 0165-0270
VL - 252
SP - 36
EP - 47
JO - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
JF - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
ER -