TY - JOUR
T1 - The Potentiality and the Consequences of Surplus
T2 - Agricultural Production and Institutional Transformation in the Northern Basin of Mexico
AU - Morehart, Christopher
N1 - Funding Information:
I would like to thank the editors and the SEA organizers, Rahul Oka and Ian Kuijt, for the opportunity to participate in this volume. The research discussed was supported by grants from Northwestern University, the National Science Foundation, Wenner Gren, and Fulbright Hays. Permission was provided by Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia as well as the organization of common lands of Xaltocan, Mexico. I would like to acknowledge my former and late adviser, Liz Brumfiel, for careful guidance over this project. Moreover, SEA members present during the 2010 annual meetings offered constructive and useful comments and criticisms that improved my framing of this article and the issues addressed.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 by the American Anthropological Association.
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - Social scientists define surplus as excess, either excess production beyond a physiologically defined threshold or excess labor that can then be routed to “non-productive” means. Methodologically, this model is advantageous and simplifies analysis. Yet this approach can render social minimums as secondary to biological minimums and economic production as distinctive from social production. Subjectively, meeting biological requirements often are secondary to meeting societal obligations. Many producers in past states, for example, had to pay a set tax even in cases of poor yields. Today, paying one's rent or mortgage can entail sacrificing a healthy diet. Simultaneously, social and economic opportunities also shape surplus production—the ability to enrich relationships, participate in the market, host significant events, and gain prestige. Documenting biological minimums, while allowing us to recognize excess methodologically, sometimes has limited value in understanding surplus subjectively. Surplus represents a potentiality, which can be employed creatively or destructively. Within these extremes lay real people, both the powerful and the powerless, making decisions and inheriting their consequences.
AB - Social scientists define surplus as excess, either excess production beyond a physiologically defined threshold or excess labor that can then be routed to “non-productive” means. Methodologically, this model is advantageous and simplifies analysis. Yet this approach can render social minimums as secondary to biological minimums and economic production as distinctive from social production. Subjectively, meeting biological requirements often are secondary to meeting societal obligations. Many producers in past states, for example, had to pay a set tax even in cases of poor yields. Today, paying one's rent or mortgage can entail sacrificing a healthy diet. Simultaneously, social and economic opportunities also shape surplus production—the ability to enrich relationships, participate in the market, host significant events, and gain prestige. Documenting biological minimums, while allowing us to recognize excess methodologically, sometimes has limited value in understanding surplus subjectively. Surplus represents a potentiality, which can be employed creatively or destructively. Within these extremes lay real people, both the powerful and the powerless, making decisions and inheriting their consequences.
KW - Agriculture
KW - Aztec
KW - Institutions
KW - Mexico
KW - Surplus
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U2 - 10.1002/sea2.12010
DO - 10.1002/sea2.12010
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84921534555
SN - 2330-4847
VL - 1
SP - 154
EP - 166
JO - Economic Anthropology
JF - Economic Anthropology
IS - 1
ER -