@inbook{42a3530c89cd416da90f7b0d9fcff37e,
title = "The interaction of social factors in the acoustically gradient realization of intervocalic /d/ in Border Uruguayan Spanish",
abstract = "Along the Uruguayan-Brazilian border, Spanish exhibits phonological influence from Portuguese, including the realization of intervocalic /d/ as a stop. Using conversational data from 40 bilinguals, we analyze tokens of intervocalic /d/ acoustically using a consonant-vowel intensity ratio according to multiple social factors and their interactions. The results suggest that, while interactions are present (with stops being favored by Portuguese-preferring professional females), the main effects of social factors predominate. Younger speakers are moving away from the use of stop-like productions and toward the pan-Hispanic norm of variation between approximants and deletion. Portuguese-preferring speakers make greater use of stop-like variants, as do females, which is explained by the linguistic behaviors of the four women who produced /d/ with the highest intensity ratios.",
keywords = "Border Uruguayan Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Intervocalic /d/, Language preference, Social variation",
author = "Mark Waltermire and Michael Gradoville",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 John Benjamins Publishing Company Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1075/ihll.28.10wal",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics",
publisher = "John Benjamins Publishing Company",
pages = "263--292",
editor = "Rajiv Rao",
booktitle = "Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact",
}