TY - JOUR
T1 - The developmental course of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol from 12 to 36 months
T2 - Relations with early poverty and later behavior problems
AU - Hill-Soderlund, Ashley L.
AU - Holochwost, Steven J.
AU - Willoughby, Michael T.
AU - Granger, Douglas A.
AU - Gariépy, Jean Louis
AU - Mills-Koonce, W. Roger
AU - Cox, Martha J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The project described was supported by Award Number R03MH085154 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Ashley Hill-Soderlund. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Mental Health or the National Institutes of Health. This study was also supported by The North Carolina Child Development Research Collaborative which was funded by the National Science Foundation through a Children's Research Initiative Grant # BCS-0126475 . The authors would like to thank all the parents who participated in the Durham Child Health and Development Study and the research assistants for their valuable help in collecting this data. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ashley Hill-Soderlund, Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina, NC 27599, USA. email: soderlund.ashley@gmail.com.
Funding Information:
The project described was supported by Award Number R03MH085154 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Ashley Hill-Soderlund. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Mental Health or the National Institutes of Health. This study was also supported by The North Carolina Child Development Research Collaborative which was funded by the National Science Foundation through a Children's Research Initiative Grant #BCS-0126475.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - This study examined the development of baseline autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) physiological activity from 12 to 36 months as well as antecedents (poverty) and consequents (behavior problems) of individual differences in physiological development. Children (N = 179; 50% poor; 56% African American; 52% male) provided saliva samples at 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age. Latent growth curve models indicated that nonlinear change was evident for both sAA and cortisol, with sAA increasing and cortisol decreasing with age. Children residing in poor households exhibited lower initial levels of sAA, but not cortisol. African-American children showed slightly smaller decreases in cortisol over time. Initial levels of sAA predicted higher levels of internalizing behaviors at 36 months and both initial levels of and total change in sAA predicted higher levels of externalizing behaviors at 36 months. There was no evidence that sAA or cortisol mediated the relationship between poverty and later behavior problems.
AB - This study examined the development of baseline autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) physiological activity from 12 to 36 months as well as antecedents (poverty) and consequents (behavior problems) of individual differences in physiological development. Children (N = 179; 50% poor; 56% African American; 52% male) provided saliva samples at 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age. Latent growth curve models indicated that nonlinear change was evident for both sAA and cortisol, with sAA increasing and cortisol decreasing with age. Children residing in poor households exhibited lower initial levels of sAA, but not cortisol. African-American children showed slightly smaller decreases in cortisol over time. Initial levels of sAA predicted higher levels of internalizing behaviors at 36 months and both initial levels of and total change in sAA predicted higher levels of externalizing behaviors at 36 months. There was no evidence that sAA or cortisol mediated the relationship between poverty and later behavior problems.
KW - Cortisol
KW - Development
KW - Early childhood
KW - Externalizing problems
KW - Internalizing problems
KW - Poverty
KW - Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA)
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U2 - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.011
DO - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.011
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84922650478
SN - 0306-4530
VL - 52
SP - 311
EP - 323
JO - Psychoneuroendocrinology
JF - Psychoneuroendocrinology
IS - 1
ER -