Abstract
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) as a technique for determining transition-element oxidation states offers several advantages over other methods. Chemical shifts as a function of oxidation state were determined for Ti3+-Ti4+ (2 eV), Mn2+-Mn4+ (3 eV) and Fe2+-Fe3+ (2 eV). The edge energies remain the same for a particular oxidation state, irrespective of the sample, confirming that EELS can be applied to oxidation-state determinations. Several experimental problems were encountered: poor edge resolution at low transition-element contents, difficulties in detecting mixed oxidation states, and in situ oxidation of hydrous minerals, probably through hydrogen loss.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 285-289 |
Number of pages | 5 |
Journal | Ultramicroscopy |
Volume | 18 |
Issue number | 1-4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1985 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Instrumentation