Surface grain size of alluvial fans on Mars from thermal inertia, as an indicator of depositional style

The depositional history of alluvial fans on Mars provides insight into the climatic conditions during the time of fan formation in the late Hesperian to early Amazonian. However, traditional stratigraphic analysis of the alluvial fan deposits is not possible across most of Mars. This study assesses the use of thermal inertia data as a tool for sedimentologic interpretation of 437 Mars alluvial fans. Based on previous work demonstrating the relationship between depositional style, grain size, and thermophysical properties, this study uses analysis of the thermal inertia of alluvial fan surfaces across the global population of fans on Mars to make an assessment of depositional styles that built the alluvial fans. The thermal inertia values across the global population of fans are indicative of sand- to pebble-sized sediment. The variability of grain sizes across the global population is more homogenous than expected based on comparisons to terrestrial alluvial fans. Nearly all Mars alluvial fans have an average thermal inertia that corresponds to pebble and smaller grain size, and < 1% of Mars alluvial fans have an average thermal inertia that corresponds to cobble-sized grains. Spatial patterns of thermal inertia variability on alluvial fan surfaces show a small number of fans with evidence for either downslope fining or channelization, but the majority of fans show no recognizable geologic patterns in surface thermal inertia. The interpretation of the thermal inertia-derived grain size suggests that either there is widespread mantling of unconsolidated sand across the surface, or that Mars alluvial fans were built by primarily sand-sized sediment, which may be indicative of lower energy sediment transport events.