TY - JOUR
T1 - Summer-and wintertime variations of the surface and near-surface urban heat island in a semiarid environment
AU - Palou, Francisco Salamanca
AU - Mahalov, Alex
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. The MYD11A1 and MOD11A1 products were retrieved from the online Data Pool, courtesy of the NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, (https:// e4ftl01.cr.usgs.gov/MOLT/). We would like to acknowledge high-performance support from Cheyenne (doi: 10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR’s Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NSF DMS 1419593 and USDA NIFA 2015-67003-23508 grants have funded this work. WRF-modeled output data used in this article are stored at ASU’s High-Performance Computing facilities (https://cores/research.asu.edu/research-computing/ about) and can be available to anyone upon request. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, which helped to improve this manuscript.
Funding Information:
The MYD11A1 and MOD11A1 products were retrieved from the online Data Pool, courtesy of the NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, (https:// e4ftl01.cr.usgs.gov/MOLT/). We would like to acknowledge high-performance support from Cheyenne (doi: 10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR?s Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NSF DMS 1419593 and USDA NIFA 2015-67003-23508 grants have funded this work. WRF-modeled output data used in this article are stored at ASU?s High-Performance Computing facilities (https://cores/research.asu.edu/research-computing/ about) and can be available to anyone upon request. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, which helped to improve this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Meteorological Society.
PY - 2019/12
Y1 - 2019/12
N2 - This paper examines summer-and wintertime variations of the surface and near-surface urban heat island (UHI) for the Phoenix metropolitan area using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), near-surface meteorological observations, and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model during a 31-day summer-and a 31-day wintertime period. The surface UHI (defined based on the urban–rural land surface temperature difference) is found to be higher at night and during the warm season. On the other hand, the morning surface UHI is low and frequently exhibits an urban cool island that increases during the summertime period. Similarly, the near-surface UHI (defined based on the urban–rural 2-m air temperature difference) is higher at night and during summertime. On the other hand, the daytime near-surface UHI is low but rarely exhibits an urban cool island. To evaluate the WRF Model’s ability to reproduce the diurnal cycle of near-surface meteorology and surface skin temperature, two WRF Model experiments (one using the Bougeault and Lacarrere turbulent scheme and one with the Mellor–Yamada–Janjić turbulent parameterization) at high spatial resolution (1-km horizontal grid spacing) are conducted for each 31-day period. Modeled results show that the WRF Model (coupled to the Noah-MP land surface model) tends to underestimate to some extent surface skin temperature during daytime and overestimate nighttime values during the wintertime period. In the same way, the WRF Model tends to accurately reproduce the diurnal cycle of near-surface air temperature, including maximum and minimum temperatures, and wind speed during summertime, but notably overestimates nighttime near-surface air temperature during wintertime. This nighttime overestimation is especially remarkable with the Bougeault and Lacarrere turbulent scheme for both urban and rural areas.
AB - This paper examines summer-and wintertime variations of the surface and near-surface urban heat island (UHI) for the Phoenix metropolitan area using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), near-surface meteorological observations, and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model during a 31-day summer-and a 31-day wintertime period. The surface UHI (defined based on the urban–rural land surface temperature difference) is found to be higher at night and during the warm season. On the other hand, the morning surface UHI is low and frequently exhibits an urban cool island that increases during the summertime period. Similarly, the near-surface UHI (defined based on the urban–rural 2-m air temperature difference) is higher at night and during summertime. On the other hand, the daytime near-surface UHI is low but rarely exhibits an urban cool island. To evaluate the WRF Model’s ability to reproduce the diurnal cycle of near-surface meteorology and surface skin temperature, two WRF Model experiments (one using the Bougeault and Lacarrere turbulent scheme and one with the Mellor–Yamada–Janjić turbulent parameterization) at high spatial resolution (1-km horizontal grid spacing) are conducted for each 31-day period. Modeled results show that the WRF Model (coupled to the Noah-MP land surface model) tends to underestimate to some extent surface skin temperature during daytime and overestimate nighttime values during the wintertime period. In the same way, the WRF Model tends to accurately reproduce the diurnal cycle of near-surface air temperature, including maximum and minimum temperatures, and wind speed during summertime, but notably overestimates nighttime near-surface air temperature during wintertime. This nighttime overestimation is especially remarkable with the Bougeault and Lacarrere turbulent scheme for both urban and rural areas.
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U2 - 10.1175/WAF-D-19-0054.1
DO - 10.1175/WAF-D-19-0054.1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85078022513
SN - 0882-8156
VL - 34
SP - 1849
EP - 1865
JO - Weather and Forecasting
JF - Weather and Forecasting
IS - 6
ER -