Stakeholders’ involvement in an evidence-based sustainable tourism plan

Sustainable tourism planning is recommended for destination governance to ensure long-term development that balances the impacts of tourism on a community, especially in overtourism contexts. This study examines a sustainable tourism planning process focusing specifically on stakeholder involvement and the use of co-created evidence. A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework (MSIM) for sustainable tourism was applied to examine its fit to a rigorous case study. The study enhances the MSIM framework, featuring three stages from scene-setting, management of stakeholder involvement, to assessment. The new framework details objectives and tools for each step, and influential factors in managing stakeholders’ involvement. A significant enhancement is the extensive incorporation of evidence into the framework for different purposes (eg developing management policies, plan objectives and implementation tactics, evaluating stakeholders’ involvement). Multiple stakeholders participated in producing and using a variety of evidence throughout the planning process to provide a foundation for planning. This study is one of the first in sustainable tourism to examine evidence as a component of a broad framework to manage stakeholder involvement. It shows the usefulness, position, and dynamic of evidence in destination management.