Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets

Stuart H M Butchart; Martin Clarke; Robert J. Smith; Rachel E. Sykes; Jörn P W Scharlemann; Mike Harfoot; Graeme M. Buchanan; Ariadne Angulo; Andrew Balmford; Bastian Bertzky; Thomas M. Brooks; Kent E. Carpenter; Mia T. Comeros-Raynal; John Cornell; G. Francesco Ficetola; Lincoln D C Fishpool; Richard A. Fuller; Jonas Geldmann; Heather Harwell; Craig Hilton-Taylor; Michael Hoffmann; Ackbar Joolia; Lucas Joppa; Naomi Kingston; Ian May; Amy Milam; Beth Polidoro; Gina Ralph; Nadia Richman; Carlo Rondinini; Daniel B. Segan; Benjamin Skolnik; Mark D. Spalding; Simon N. Stuart; Andy Symes; Joseph Taylor; Piero Visconti; James E M Watson; Louisa Wood; Neil D. Burgess

doi:10.1111/conl.12158

Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets

Stuart H M Butchart, Martin Clarke, Robert J. Smith, Rachel E. Sykes, Jörn P W Scharlemann, Mike Harfoot, Graeme M. Buchanan, Ariadne Angulo, Andrew Balmford, Bastian Bertzky, Thomas M. Brooks, Kent E. Carpenter, Mia T. Comeros-Raynal, John Cornell, G. Francesco Ficetola, Lincoln D C Fishpool, Richard A. Fuller, Jonas Geldmann, Heather Harwell, Craig Hilton-TaylorMichael Hoffmann, Ackbar Joolia, Lucas Joppa, Naomi Kingston, Ian May, Amy Milam, Beth Polidoro, Gina Ralph, Nadia Richman, Carlo Rondinini, Daniel B. Segan, Benjamin Skolnik, Mark D. Spalding, Simon N. Stuart, Andy Symes, Joseph Taylor, Piero Visconti, James E M Watson, Louisa Wood, Neil D. Burgess

Mathematical and Natural Sciences, School of (SMNS)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

331 Scopus citations

Abstract

Governments have committed to conserving ≥17% of terrestrial and ≥10% of marine environments globally, especially "areas of particular importance for biodiversity" through "ecologically representative" Protected Area (PA) systems or other "area-based conservation measures", while individual countries have committed to conserve 3-50% of their land area. We estimate that PAs currently cover 14.6% of terrestrial and 2.8% of marine extent, but 59-68% of ecoregions, 77-78% of important sites for biodiversity, and 57% of 25,380 species have inadequate coverage. The existing 19.7 million km² terrestrial PA network needs only 3.3 million km² to be added to achieve 17% terrestrial coverage. However, it would require nearly doubling to achieve, cost-efficiently, coverage targets for all countries, ecoregions, important sites, and species. Poorer countries have the largest relative shortfalls. Such extensive and rapid expansion of formal PAs is unlikely to be achievable. Greater focus is therefore needed on alternative approaches, including community- and privately managed sites and other effective area-based conservation measures.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	329-337
Number of pages	9
Journal	Conservation Letters
Volume	8
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12158
State	Published - Sep 2015

Keywords

Aichi Targets
Alliance for Zero Extinction
Convention on Biological Diversity
IUCN Red List
Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas
Key Biodiversity Areas
Protected areas

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Ecology
Nature and Landscape Conservation

Access to Document

10.1111/conl.12158

Cite this

Butchart, S. H. M., Clarke, M., Smith, R. J., Sykes, R. E., Scharlemann, J. P. W., Harfoot, M., Buchanan, G. M., Angulo, A., Balmford, A., Bertzky, B., Brooks, T. M., Carpenter, K. E., Comeros-Raynal, M. T., Cornell, J., Ficetola, G. F., Fishpool, L. D. C., Fuller, R. A., Geldmann, J., Harwell, H., ... Burgess, N. D. (2015). Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets. Conservation Letters, 8(5), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12158

Butchart, SHM, Clarke, M, Smith, RJ, Sykes, RE, Scharlemann, JPW, Harfoot, M, Buchanan, GM, Angulo, A, Balmford, A, Bertzky, B, Brooks, TM, Carpenter, KE, Comeros-Raynal, MT, Cornell, J, Ficetola, GF, Fishpool, LDC, Fuller, RA, Geldmann, J, Harwell, H, Hilton-Taylor, C, Hoffmann, M, Joolia, A, Joppa, L, Kingston, N, May, I, Milam, A, Polidoro, B, Ralph, G, Richman, N, Rondinini, C, Segan, DB, Skolnik, B, Spalding, MD, Stuart, SN, Symes, A, Taylor, J, Visconti, P, Watson, JEM, Wood, L & Burgess, ND 2015, 'Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets', Conservation Letters, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12158

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title = "Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets",

abstract = "Governments have committed to conserving ≥17% of terrestrial and ≥10% of marine environments globally, especially {"}areas of particular importance for biodiversity{"} through {"}ecologically representative{"} Protected Area (PA) systems or other {"}area-based conservation measures{"}, while individual countries have committed to conserve 3-50% of their land area. We estimate that PAs currently cover 14.6% of terrestrial and 2.8% of marine extent, but 59-68% of ecoregions, 77-78% of important sites for biodiversity, and 57% of 25,380 species have inadequate coverage. The existing 19.7 million km2 terrestrial PA network needs only 3.3 million km2 to be added to achieve 17% terrestrial coverage. However, it would require nearly doubling to achieve, cost-efficiently, coverage targets for all countries, ecoregions, important sites, and species. Poorer countries have the largest relative shortfalls. Such extensive and rapid expansion of formal PAs is unlikely to be achievable. Greater focus is therefore needed on alternative approaches, including community- and privately managed sites and other effective area-based conservation measures.",

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AU - Butchart, Stuart H M

AU - Clarke, Martin

AU - Smith, Robert J.

AU - Sykes, Rachel E.

AU - Scharlemann, Jörn P W

AU - Harfoot, Mike

AU - Buchanan, Graeme M.

AU - Angulo, Ariadne

AU - Balmford, Andrew

AU - Bertzky, Bastian

AU - Brooks, Thomas M.

AU - Carpenter, Kent E.

AU - Comeros-Raynal, Mia T.

AU - Cornell, John

AU - Ficetola, G. Francesco

AU - Fishpool, Lincoln D C

AU - Fuller, Richard A.

AU - Geldmann, Jonas

AU - Harwell, Heather

AU - Hilton-Taylor, Craig

AU - Hoffmann, Michael

AU - Joolia, Ackbar

AU - Joppa, Lucas

AU - Kingston, Naomi

AU - May, Ian

AU - Milam, Amy

AU - Polidoro, Beth

AU - Ralph, Gina

AU - Richman, Nadia

AU - Rondinini, Carlo

AU - Segan, Daniel B.

AU - Skolnik, Benjamin

AU - Spalding, Mark D.

AU - Stuart, Simon N.

AU - Symes, Andy

AU - Taylor, Joseph

AU - Visconti, Piero

AU - Watson, James E M

AU - Wood, Louisa

AU - Burgess, Neil D.

PY - 2015/9

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AB - Governments have committed to conserving ≥17% of terrestrial and ≥10% of marine environments globally, especially "areas of particular importance for biodiversity" through "ecologically representative" Protected Area (PA) systems or other "area-based conservation measures", while individual countries have committed to conserve 3-50% of their land area. We estimate that PAs currently cover 14.6% of terrestrial and 2.8% of marine extent, but 59-68% of ecoregions, 77-78% of important sites for biodiversity, and 57% of 25,380 species have inadequate coverage. The existing 19.7 million km2 terrestrial PA network needs only 3.3 million km2 to be added to achieve 17% terrestrial coverage. However, it would require nearly doubling to achieve, cost-efficiently, coverage targets for all countries, ecoregions, important sites, and species. Poorer countries have the largest relative shortfalls. Such extensive and rapid expansion of formal PAs is unlikely to be achievable. Greater focus is therefore needed on alternative approaches, including community- and privately managed sites and other effective area-based conservation measures.

KW - Aichi Targets

KW - Alliance for Zero Extinction

KW - Convention on Biological Diversity

KW - IUCN Red List

KW - Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas

KW - Key Biodiversity Areas

KW - Protected areas

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JO - Conservation Letters

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Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets

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