Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project

Adam C. Schneider; Aaron M. Meisner; Jonathan Gagné; Jacqueline K. Faherty; Federico Marocco; Adam J. Burgasser; J. Davy Kirkpatrick; Marc J. Kuchner; Léopold Gramaize; Austin Rothermich; Hunter Brooks; Frederick J. Vrba; Daniella Bardalez Gagliuffi; Dan Caselden; Michael C. Cushing; Christopher R. Gelino; Michael R. Line; Sarah L. Casewell; John H. Debes; Christian Aganze; Andrew Ayala; Roman Gerasimov; Eileen C. Gonzales; Chih Chun Hsu; Rocio Kiman; Mark Popinchalk; Christopher Theissen

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1c75

Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project

Adam C. Schneider, Aaron M. Meisner, Jonathan Gagné, Jacqueline K. Faherty, Federico Marocco, Adam J. Burgasser, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Marc J. Kuchner, Léopold Gramaize, Austin Rothermich, Hunter Brooks, Frederick J. Vrba, Daniella Bardalez Gagliuffi, Dan Caselden, Michael C. Cushing, Christopher R. Gelino, Michael R. Line, Sarah L. Casewell, John H. Debes, Christian AganzeAndrew Ayala, Roman Gerasimov, Eileen C. Gonzales, Chih Chun Hsu, Rocio Kiman, Mark Popinchalk, Christopher Theissen

Earth and Space Exploration, School of (SESE)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Through the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, we have identified a wide-separation (∼10′, ∼9900 au projected) substellar companion to the nearby (∼17.5 pc), mid-M dwarf Ross 19. We have developed a new formalism for determining chance alignment probabilities based on the BANYAN Σ tool, and find a 100% probability that this is a physically associated pair. Through a detailed examination of Ross 19A, we find that the system is metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.40 ± 0.12) with an age of 7.2-3.6+3.8 Gyr. Combining new and existing photometry and astrometry, we find that Ross 19B is one of the coldest known wide-separation companions, with a spectral type on the T/Y boundary, an effective temperature of 500-100+115 K, and a mass in the range 15-40 M Jup. This new, extremely cold benchmark companion is a compelling target for detailed characterization with future spectroscopic observations using facilities such as the Hubble Space Telescope or James Webb Space Telescope.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	140
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	921
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1c75
State	Published - Nov 10 2021

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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Schneider, A. C., Meisner, A. M., Gagné, J., Faherty, J. K., Marocco, F., Burgasser, A. J., Kirkpatrick, J. D., Kuchner, M. J., Gramaize, L., Rothermich, A., Brooks, H., Vrba, F. J., Bardalez Gagliuffi, D., Caselden, D., Cushing, M. C., Gelino, C. R., Line, M. R., Casewell, S. L., Debes, J. H., ... Theissen, C. (2021). Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project. Astrophysical Journal, 921(2), Article 140. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1c75

Schneider, AC, Meisner, AM, Gagné, J, Faherty, JK, Marocco, F, Burgasser, AJ, Kirkpatrick, JD, Kuchner, MJ, Gramaize, L, Rothermich, A, Brooks, H, Vrba, FJ, Bardalez Gagliuffi, D, Caselden, D, Cushing, MC, Gelino, CR, Line, MR, Casewell, SL, Debes, JH, Aganze, C, Ayala, A, Gerasimov, R, Gonzales, EC, Hsu, CC, Kiman, R, Popinchalk, M & Theissen, C 2021, 'Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 921, no. 2, 140. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1c75

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title = "Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project",

abstract = "Through the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, we have identified a wide-separation (∼10′, ∼9900 au projected) substellar companion to the nearby (∼17.5 pc), mid-M dwarf Ross 19. We have developed a new formalism for determining chance alignment probabilities based on the BANYAN Σ tool, and find a 100% probability that this is a physically associated pair. Through a detailed examination of Ross 19A, we find that the system is metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.40 ± 0.12) with an age of 7.2-3.6+3.8 Gyr. Combining new and existing photometry and astrometry, we find that Ross 19B is one of the coldest known wide-separation companions, with a spectral type on the T/Y boundary, an effective temperature of 500-100+115 K, and a mass in the range 15-40 M Jup. This new, extremely cold benchmark companion is a compelling target for detailed characterization with future spectroscopic observations using facilities such as the Hubble Space Telescope or James Webb Space Telescope.",

author = "Schneider, {Adam C.} and Meisner, {Aaron M.} and Jonathan Gagn{\'e} and Faherty, {Jacqueline K.} and Federico Marocco and Burgasser, {Adam J.} and Kirkpatrick, {J. Davy} and Kuchner, {Marc J.} and L{\'e}opold Gramaize and Austin Rothermich and Hunter Brooks and Vrba, {Frederick J.} and {Bardalez Gagliuffi}, Daniella and Dan Caselden and Cushing, {Michael C.} and Gelino, {Christopher R.} and Line, {Michael R.} and Casewell, {Sarah L.} and Debes, {John H.} and Christian Aganze and Andrew Ayala and Roman Gerasimov and Gonzales, {Eileen C.} and Hsu, {Chih Chun} and Rocio Kiman and Mark Popinchalk and Christopher Theissen",

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doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ac1c75",

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T2 - An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project

AU - Schneider, Adam C.

AU - Meisner, Aaron M.

AU - Gagné, Jonathan

AU - Faherty, Jacqueline K.

AU - Marocco, Federico

AU - Burgasser, Adam J.

AU - Kirkpatrick, J. Davy

AU - Kuchner, Marc J.

AU - Gramaize, Léopold

AU - Rothermich, Austin

AU - Brooks, Hunter

AU - Vrba, Frederick J.

AU - Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella

AU - Caselden, Dan

AU - Cushing, Michael C.

AU - Gelino, Christopher R.

AU - Line, Michael R.

AU - Casewell, Sarah L.

AU - Debes, John H.

AU - Aganze, Christian

AU - Ayala, Andrew

AU - Gerasimov, Roman

AU - Gonzales, Eileen C.

AU - Hsu, Chih Chun

AU - Kiman, Rocio

AU - Popinchalk, Mark

AU - Theissen, Christopher

PY - 2021/11/10

Y1 - 2021/11/10

N2 - Through the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, we have identified a wide-separation (∼10′, ∼9900 au projected) substellar companion to the nearby (∼17.5 pc), mid-M dwarf Ross 19. We have developed a new formalism for determining chance alignment probabilities based on the BANYAN Σ tool, and find a 100% probability that this is a physically associated pair. Through a detailed examination of Ross 19A, we find that the system is metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.40 ± 0.12) with an age of 7.2-3.6+3.8 Gyr. Combining new and existing photometry and astrometry, we find that Ross 19B is one of the coldest known wide-separation companions, with a spectral type on the T/Y boundary, an effective temperature of 500-100+115 K, and a mass in the range 15-40 M Jup. This new, extremely cold benchmark companion is a compelling target for detailed characterization with future spectroscopic observations using facilities such as the Hubble Space Telescope or James Webb Space Telescope.

AB - Through the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, we have identified a wide-separation (∼10′, ∼9900 au projected) substellar companion to the nearby (∼17.5 pc), mid-M dwarf Ross 19. We have developed a new formalism for determining chance alignment probabilities based on the BANYAN Σ tool, and find a 100% probability that this is a physically associated pair. Through a detailed examination of Ross 19A, we find that the system is metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.40 ± 0.12) with an age of 7.2-3.6+3.8 Gyr. Combining new and existing photometry and astrometry, we find that Ross 19B is one of the coldest known wide-separation companions, with a spectral type on the T/Y boundary, an effective temperature of 500-100+115 K, and a mass in the range 15-40 M Jup. This new, extremely cold benchmark companion is a compelling target for detailed characterization with future spectroscopic observations using facilities such as the Hubble Space Telescope or James Webb Space Telescope.

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Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project

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