Phase equilibria in the Sn-Zn-Ni system

Vania Gandova; Delfim Soares; Kristina Lilova; Jean Claude Tedenac; Gueorgui P. Vassilev

doi:10.3139/146.110481

Phase equilibria in the Sn-Zn-Ni system

Vania Gandova, Delfim Soares, Kristina Lilova, Jean Claude Tedenac, Gueorgui P. Vassilev

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11 Scopus citations

Abstract

The objective of this study is to elucidate the phase equilibria of the Sn-Zn-Ni system. For this purpose, ternary alloys were synthesized using quartz ampoules and annealing. The samples were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The results show relatively significant solubility of tin or zinc (about 10 at.% roughly) in Ni-Zn and Ni-Sn phases, respectively. Moreover, evidence of the presence of two formerly unknown ternary compounds denoted as T1 and T2 was found. The first one has a composition (mole fraction) of about: X_Sn = 0.38 ± 0.04, X_Ni = 0.36 ± 0.02, X_Zn = 0.26 ± 0.03 while the approximate composition of the second is X_Sn = 0.26 ± 0.03, X_Ni = 0.55 ± 0.00, X_Zn = 0.19 ± 0.03. Three unidentified compositions were observed: U1 (X_Sn = 0.26 ± 0.07, X_Ni = 0.29 ± 0.03, X_Zn = 0.45 ± 0.04), U2 (X_Sn = 0.55 ± 0.01, X_Ni = 0.21 ± 0.00, X_Zn = 0.24 ± 0.01), and U3 (X_Sn = 0.48 ± 0.05, X_Ni = 0.08 ± 0.00, X_Zn = 0.44 ± 0.05) but there was still a lack of evidence to categorize any of them as a ternary compound. A tentative isothermal section of the Sn-Zn-Ni phase diagram at 600°C was constructed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	257-268
Number of pages	12
Journal	International Journal of Materials Research
Volume	102
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3139/146.110481
State	Published - 2011
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Lead-free solders
Phase diagram
Sn-Zn-Ni system
Ternary compounds

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Condensed Matter Physics
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Metals and Alloys
Materials Chemistry

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10.3139/146.110481

Cite this

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title = "Phase equilibria in the Sn-Zn-Ni system",

abstract = "The objective of this study is to elucidate the phase equilibria of the Sn-Zn-Ni system. For this purpose, ternary alloys were synthesized using quartz ampoules and annealing. The samples were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The results show relatively significant solubility of tin or zinc (about 10 at.% roughly) in Ni-Zn and Ni-Sn phases, respectively. Moreover, evidence of the presence of two formerly unknown ternary compounds denoted as T1 and T2 was found. The first one has a composition (mole fraction) of about: XSn = 0.38 ± 0.04, XNi = 0.36 ± 0.02, XZn = 0.26 ± 0.03 while the approximate composition of the second is XSn = 0.26 ± 0.03, XNi = 0.55 ± 0.00, XZn = 0.19 ± 0.03. Three unidentified compositions were observed: U1 (XSn = 0.26 ± 0.07, XNi = 0.29 ± 0.03, XZn = 0.45 ± 0.04), U2 (XSn = 0.55 ± 0.01, XNi = 0.21 ± 0.00, XZn = 0.24 ± 0.01), and U3 (XSn = 0.48 ± 0.05, XNi = 0.08 ± 0.00, XZn = 0.44 ± 0.05) but there was still a lack of evidence to categorize any of them as a ternary compound. A tentative isothermal section of the Sn-Zn-Ni phase diagram at 600°C was constructed.",

keywords = "Lead-free solders, Phase diagram, Sn-Zn-Ni system, Ternary compounds",

author = "Vania Gandova and Delfim Soares and Kristina Lilova and Tedenac, {Jean Claude} and Vassilev, {Gueorgui P.}",

year = "2011",

doi = "10.3139/146.110481",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "102",

pages = "257--268",

journal = "International Journal of Materials Research",

issn = "1862-5282",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Phase equilibria in the Sn-Zn-Ni system

AU - Gandova, Vania

AU - Soares, Delfim

AU - Lilova, Kristina

AU - Tedenac, Jean Claude

AU - Vassilev, Gueorgui P.

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - The objective of this study is to elucidate the phase equilibria of the Sn-Zn-Ni system. For this purpose, ternary alloys were synthesized using quartz ampoules and annealing. The samples were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The results show relatively significant solubility of tin or zinc (about 10 at.% roughly) in Ni-Zn and Ni-Sn phases, respectively. Moreover, evidence of the presence of two formerly unknown ternary compounds denoted as T1 and T2 was found. The first one has a composition (mole fraction) of about: XSn = 0.38 ± 0.04, XNi = 0.36 ± 0.02, XZn = 0.26 ± 0.03 while the approximate composition of the second is XSn = 0.26 ± 0.03, XNi = 0.55 ± 0.00, XZn = 0.19 ± 0.03. Three unidentified compositions were observed: U1 (XSn = 0.26 ± 0.07, XNi = 0.29 ± 0.03, XZn = 0.45 ± 0.04), U2 (XSn = 0.55 ± 0.01, XNi = 0.21 ± 0.00, XZn = 0.24 ± 0.01), and U3 (XSn = 0.48 ± 0.05, XNi = 0.08 ± 0.00, XZn = 0.44 ± 0.05) but there was still a lack of evidence to categorize any of them as a ternary compound. A tentative isothermal section of the Sn-Zn-Ni phase diagram at 600°C was constructed.

AB - The objective of this study is to elucidate the phase equilibria of the Sn-Zn-Ni system. For this purpose, ternary alloys were synthesized using quartz ampoules and annealing. The samples were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The results show relatively significant solubility of tin or zinc (about 10 at.% roughly) in Ni-Zn and Ni-Sn phases, respectively. Moreover, evidence of the presence of two formerly unknown ternary compounds denoted as T1 and T2 was found. The first one has a composition (mole fraction) of about: XSn = 0.38 ± 0.04, XNi = 0.36 ± 0.02, XZn = 0.26 ± 0.03 while the approximate composition of the second is XSn = 0.26 ± 0.03, XNi = 0.55 ± 0.00, XZn = 0.19 ± 0.03. Three unidentified compositions were observed: U1 (XSn = 0.26 ± 0.07, XNi = 0.29 ± 0.03, XZn = 0.45 ± 0.04), U2 (XSn = 0.55 ± 0.01, XNi = 0.21 ± 0.00, XZn = 0.24 ± 0.01), and U3 (XSn = 0.48 ± 0.05, XNi = 0.08 ± 0.00, XZn = 0.44 ± 0.05) but there was still a lack of evidence to categorize any of them as a ternary compound. A tentative isothermal section of the Sn-Zn-Ni phase diagram at 600°C was constructed.

KW - Lead-free solders

KW - Phase diagram

KW - Sn-Zn-Ni system

KW - Ternary compounds

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JO - International Journal of Materials Research

JF - International Journal of Materials Research

IS - 3

ER -

Phase equilibria in the Sn-Zn-Ni system

Abstract

Keywords

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