@article{428b8ffcea7f42afb48c6fc63478def3,
title = "P-type Upgraded Metallurgical-Grade Multicrystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Open-Circuit Voltages over 690 mV",
abstract = "Herein, low-cost p-type upgraded metallurgical-grade (UMG) multicrystalline silicon wafers are processed from the edge of the silicon cast using a multi-stage defect-engineering approach, incorporating gettering and hydrogenation to improve the wafer quality. Significant reductions in the concentration of interstitial iron and improvements in the bulk lifetime from 15 to 130 µs are observed. Subsequently, all the surface layers are removed and silicon heterojunction solar cells are fabricated. The cells exhibit an efficiency of 18.7%, and open-circuit voltages over 690 mV is formed using wafers with initial lifetimes of '15 µs. This demonstration of such high voltages, the highest recorded for this material to date, indicates the power of the gettering and hydrogenation processes used and the potential of p-type UMG silicon to fabricate heterojunction solar cells and other solar cell technologies capable of high open-circuit voltages.",
keywords = "defect-engineering, gettering, heterojunction, hydrogenation, silicon",
author = "{Vicari Stefani}, Bruno and William Weigand and Matthew Wright and Anastasia Soeriyadi and Zhengshan Yu and Moonyong Kim and Daniel Chen and Zachary Holman and Brett Hallam",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Center for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP) and the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) (2017/RND005) (1-SRI001), as well as by the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EEC-1041895. B.H. would like to acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council (ARC) through a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DE170100620). D.C. would like to acknowledge the support and contribution of the Australian Commonwealth Government through the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. The views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of the Australian Government, and the Australian Government does not accept responsibility for any information or advice contained herein. The authors would also like to acknowledge Duc Huy Dao, Ly Mai, and the processing team in the Solar Industrial Research Facility at UNSW for assistance in sample fabrication and Dr. Brendan Wright for useful discussions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",
year = "2019",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/pssa.201900319",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "216",
journal = "Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science",
issn = "1862-6300",
publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",
number = "17",
}