TY - JOUR
T1 - Open wide and say "blah!" attentional dynamics of delayed naming
AU - Goldinger, Stephen
AU - Azuma, Tamiko
AU - Abramson, Marianne
AU - Jain, Pushpam
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by a Research Incentive Award from Arizona State University and in part by NIDCD Grant R29-DC02629-02. A pilot version of Experiment 1 was previously written as an undergraduate honors thesis by P. Jain. We thank Joseph Goodroad for expert programming and Brian Smith for tirelessly collecting data, one participant at a time. Valuable comments were provided by Guy Van Orden, Greg Stone, and Ken Forster. Stephen Monsell provided especially helpful challenges and observations.
PY - 1997/8
Y1 - 1997/8
N2 - In a well-known study, Balota and Chumbley (1985) used a delayed naming task to assess post-perceptual word frequency effects. They observed frequency effects after considerable delays, suggesting that frequency sensitivity characterizes not only the perceptual stage, but also post-access stages. The present investigation examined delayed naming in a dual-task. Using delays after perception and a constant response ("blah") for all catch trials, we attained relatively pure indices of the mental workloads incurred by low- and high-frequency words. Across experiments, reliable frequency effects occurred in both word-naming and catch trials. The frequency effects can be modified by altering omnibus task difficulty, or by adding phonologically confusable memory loads. The results suggest that frequency effects in delayed naming (and their occasional absence in prior studies) partly reflect attentional differences. We describe a resonance framework in which word perception, rehearsal, and production all rely on stable feedback loops among knowledge structures. Attention is required both to create and to maintain feedback loops; each word's level of attention demand is predicted by its frequency of previous occurrence.
AB - In a well-known study, Balota and Chumbley (1985) used a delayed naming task to assess post-perceptual word frequency effects. They observed frequency effects after considerable delays, suggesting that frequency sensitivity characterizes not only the perceptual stage, but also post-access stages. The present investigation examined delayed naming in a dual-task. Using delays after perception and a constant response ("blah") for all catch trials, we attained relatively pure indices of the mental workloads incurred by low- and high-frequency words. Across experiments, reliable frequency effects occurred in both word-naming and catch trials. The frequency effects can be modified by altering omnibus task difficulty, or by adding phonologically confusable memory loads. The results suggest that frequency effects in delayed naming (and their occasional absence in prior studies) partly reflect attentional differences. We describe a resonance framework in which word perception, rehearsal, and production all rely on stable feedback loops among knowledge structures. Attention is required both to create and to maintain feedback loops; each word's level of attention demand is predicted by its frequency of previous occurrence.
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U2 - 10.1006/jmla.1997.2518
DO - 10.1006/jmla.1997.2518
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0031206591
SN - 0749-596X
VL - 37
SP - 190
EP - 216
JO - Journal of Memory and Language
JF - Journal of Memory and Language
IS - 2
ER -