TY - JOUR
T1 - One-Pot Synthesis of Penta-twinned Palladium Nanowires and Their Enhanced Electrocatalytic Properties
AU - Huang, Hongwen
AU - Ruditskiy, Aleksey
AU - Choi, Sang Il
AU - Zhang, Lei
AU - Liu, Jingyue
AU - Ye, Zhizhen
AU - Xia, Younan
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by a research grant from the NSF (DMR 1506018) and startup funds from the Georgia Institute of Technology. As a visiting Ph.D. student from Zhejiang University, H.H. was also partially supported by a Fellowship from the China Scholarship Council. A.R. was supported by a Graduate Research Fellowship from the NSF. J.L. gratefully acknowledges the support by Arizona State University and the use of facilities in the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University.
PY - 2017/9/13
Y1 - 2017/9/13
N2 - This article reports the design and successful implementation of a one-pot, polyol method for the synthesis of penta-twinned Pd nanowires with diameters below 8 nm and aspect ratios up to 100. The key to the success of this protocol is the controlled reduction of Na2PdCl4 by diethylene glycol and ascorbic acid through the introduction of NaI and HCl. The I- and H+ ions can slow the reduction kinetics by forming PdI42- and inhibiting the dissociation of ascorbic acid, respectively. When the initial reduction rate is tuned into the proper regime, Pd decahedral seeds with a penta-twinned structure appear during nucleation. In the presence of I- ions as a selective capping agent toward the Pd(100) surface, the decahedral seeds can be directed to grow axially into penta-twinned nanorods and then nanowires. The Pd nanowires are found to evolve into multiply twinned particles if the reaction time is extended beyond 1.5 h, owing to the involvement of oxidative etching. When supported on carbon, the Pd nanowires show greatly enhanced specific electrocatalytic activities, more than five times the value for commercial Pd/C toward formic acid oxidation and three times the value for Pt/C toward oxygen reduction under an alkaline condition. In addition, the carbon-supported Pd nanowires exhibit greatly enhanced electrocatalytic durability toward both reactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Pd nanowires can serve as sacrificial templates for the conformal deposition of Pt atoms to generate Pd@Pt core-sheath nanowires and then Pd-Pt nanotubes with a well-defined surface structure.
AB - This article reports the design and successful implementation of a one-pot, polyol method for the synthesis of penta-twinned Pd nanowires with diameters below 8 nm and aspect ratios up to 100. The key to the success of this protocol is the controlled reduction of Na2PdCl4 by diethylene glycol and ascorbic acid through the introduction of NaI and HCl. The I- and H+ ions can slow the reduction kinetics by forming PdI42- and inhibiting the dissociation of ascorbic acid, respectively. When the initial reduction rate is tuned into the proper regime, Pd decahedral seeds with a penta-twinned structure appear during nucleation. In the presence of I- ions as a selective capping agent toward the Pd(100) surface, the decahedral seeds can be directed to grow axially into penta-twinned nanorods and then nanowires. The Pd nanowires are found to evolve into multiply twinned particles if the reaction time is extended beyond 1.5 h, owing to the involvement of oxidative etching. When supported on carbon, the Pd nanowires show greatly enhanced specific electrocatalytic activities, more than five times the value for commercial Pd/C toward formic acid oxidation and three times the value for Pt/C toward oxygen reduction under an alkaline condition. In addition, the carbon-supported Pd nanowires exhibit greatly enhanced electrocatalytic durability toward both reactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Pd nanowires can serve as sacrificial templates for the conformal deposition of Pt atoms to generate Pd@Pt core-sheath nanowires and then Pd-Pt nanotubes with a well-defined surface structure.
KW - bimetallic nanotubes
KW - electrocatalytic properties
KW - oxidative etching
KW - penta-twinned nanowires
KW - reduction kinetics
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U2 - 10.1021/acsami.7b12018
DO - 10.1021/acsami.7b12018
M3 - Article
C2 - 28825463
AN - SCOPUS:85029484343
SN - 1944-8244
VL - 9
SP - 31203
EP - 31212
JO - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
JF - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
IS - 36
ER -