TY - JOUR
T1 - Niche partitioning with temperature among heterocystous cyanobacteria (Scytonema spp., Nostoc spp., and Tolypothrix spp.) from biological soil crusts
AU - Giraldo-Silva, Ana
AU - Fernandes, Vanessa M.C.
AU - Bethany, Julie
AU - Garcia-Pichel, Ferran
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was partly funded by the Barret-Honors College at Arizona State University and by the Center for Bio-mediated & Bio-inspired Geotechnics (CBBG) at Arizona State University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/3
Y1 - 2020/3
N2 - Heterocystous cyanobacteria of biocrusts are key players for biological fixation in drylands, where nitrogen is only second to water as a limiting resource. We studied the niche partitioning among the three most common biocrust heterocystous cyanobacteria sts using enrichment cultivation and the determination of growth responses to temperature in 30 representative isolates. Isolates of Scytonema spp. were most thermotolerant, typically growing up to 40◦C, whereas only those of Tolypothrix spp. grew at 4◦C. Nostoc spp. strains responded well at intermediate temperatures. We could trace the heat sensitivity in Nostoc spp. and Tolypothrix spp. to N2-fixation itself, because the upper temperature for growth increased under nitrogen replete conditions. This may involve an inability to develop heterocysts (specialized N2-fixing cells) at high temperatures. We then used a meta-analysis of biocrust molecular surveys spanning four continents to test the relevance of this apparent niche partitioning in nature. Indeed, the geographic distribution of the three types was clearly constrained by the mean local temperature, particularly during the growth season. This allows us to predict a potential shift in dominance in many locales as a result of global warming, to the benefit of Scytonema spp. populations.
AB - Heterocystous cyanobacteria of biocrusts are key players for biological fixation in drylands, where nitrogen is only second to water as a limiting resource. We studied the niche partitioning among the three most common biocrust heterocystous cyanobacteria sts using enrichment cultivation and the determination of growth responses to temperature in 30 representative isolates. Isolates of Scytonema spp. were most thermotolerant, typically growing up to 40◦C, whereas only those of Tolypothrix spp. grew at 4◦C. Nostoc spp. strains responded well at intermediate temperatures. We could trace the heat sensitivity in Nostoc spp. and Tolypothrix spp. to N2-fixation itself, because the upper temperature for growth increased under nitrogen replete conditions. This may involve an inability to develop heterocysts (specialized N2-fixing cells) at high temperatures. We then used a meta-analysis of biocrust molecular surveys spanning four continents to test the relevance of this apparent niche partitioning in nature. Indeed, the geographic distribution of the three types was clearly constrained by the mean local temperature, particularly during the growth season. This allows us to predict a potential shift in dominance in many locales as a result of global warming, to the benefit of Scytonema spp. populations.
KW - Biological soil crust
KW - Drylands
KW - Niche partitioning
KW - Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082574584&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85082574584&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/microorganisms8030396
DO - 10.3390/microorganisms8030396
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082574584
SN - 2076-2607
VL - 8
JO - Microorganisms
JF - Microorganisms
IS - 3
M1 - 396
ER -