New insights into the growth mechanism and surface structure of palladium nanocrystals

Byungkwon Lim; Hirokazu Kobayashi; Pedro H.C. Camargo; Lawrence F. Allard; Jingyue Liu; Younan Xia

doi:10.1007/s12274-010-1021-5

New insights into the growth mechanism and surface structure of palladium nanocrystals

Byungkwon Lim, Hirokazu Kobayashi, Pedro H.C. Camargo, Lawrence F. Allard, Jingyue Liu, Younan Xia

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

90 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic study of the growth mechanism for Pd nanobars synthesized by reducing Na₂PdCl₄ with L-ascorbic acid in an aqueous solution in the presence of bromide ions as a capping agent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM analyses revealed that the growth at early stages of the synthesis was dominated by particle coalescence, followed by shape focusing via recrystallization and further growth via atomic addition. We also investigated the detailed surface structure of the nanobars using aberration-corrected scanning TEM and found that the exposed {100} surfaces contained several types of defects such as an adatom island, a vacancy pit, and atomic steps. Upon thermal annealing, the nanobars evolved into a more thermodynamically favored shape with enhanced truncation at the corners.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	180-188
Number of pages	9
Journal	Nano Research
Volume	3
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-010-1021-5
State	Published - Mar 2010
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Coalescence
Growth
Nanocrystals
Palladium
Surface evolution

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Materials Science
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1007/s12274-010-1021-5

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title = "New insights into the growth mechanism and surface structure of palladium nanocrystals",

abstract = "This paper presents a systematic study of the growth mechanism for Pd nanobars synthesized by reducing Na2PdCl4 with L-ascorbic acid in an aqueous solution in the presence of bromide ions as a capping agent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM analyses revealed that the growth at early stages of the synthesis was dominated by particle coalescence, followed by shape focusing via recrystallization and further growth via atomic addition. We also investigated the detailed surface structure of the nanobars using aberration-corrected scanning TEM and found that the exposed {100} surfaces contained several types of defects such as an adatom island, a vacancy pit, and atomic steps. Upon thermal annealing, the nanobars evolved into a more thermodynamically favored shape with enhanced truncation at the corners.",

keywords = "Coalescence, Growth, Nanocrystals, Palladium, Surface evolution",

author = "Byungkwon Lim and Hirokazu Kobayashi and Camargo, {Pedro H.C.} and Allard, {Lawrence F.} and Jingyue Liu and Younan Xia",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation (No. DMR-0804088) and startup funds from Washington University in St. Louis. P. H. C. C. was also partially supported by the Fulbright Program and the Brazilian Ministry of Education (CAPES). Part of the work was performed at the Nano Research Facility (NRF), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (No. ECS-0335765). It was also supported by startup funds from the University of Missouri-St. Louis. The STEM images were acquired at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory{\textquoteright}s High Temperature Materials Laboratory sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program.",

year = "2010",

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doi = "10.1007/s12274-010-1021-5",

language = "English (US)",

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AU - Kobayashi, Hirokazu

AU - Camargo, Pedro H.C.

AU - Allard, Lawrence F.

AU - Liu, Jingyue

AU - Xia, Younan

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation (No. DMR-0804088) and startup funds from Washington University in St. Louis. P. H. C. C. was also partially supported by the Fulbright Program and the Brazilian Ministry of Education (CAPES). Part of the work was performed at the Nano Research Facility (NRF), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (No. ECS-0335765). It was also supported by startup funds from the University of Missouri-St. Louis. The STEM images were acquired at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s High Temperature Materials Laboratory sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program.

PY - 2010/3

Y1 - 2010/3

N2 - This paper presents a systematic study of the growth mechanism for Pd nanobars synthesized by reducing Na2PdCl4 with L-ascorbic acid in an aqueous solution in the presence of bromide ions as a capping agent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM analyses revealed that the growth at early stages of the synthesis was dominated by particle coalescence, followed by shape focusing via recrystallization and further growth via atomic addition. We also investigated the detailed surface structure of the nanobars using aberration-corrected scanning TEM and found that the exposed {100} surfaces contained several types of defects such as an adatom island, a vacancy pit, and atomic steps. Upon thermal annealing, the nanobars evolved into a more thermodynamically favored shape with enhanced truncation at the corners.

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KW - Growth

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KW - Surface evolution

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New insights into the growth mechanism and surface structure of palladium nanocrystals

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