Abstract
NASICON-type materials with general formula AxM2(PO4)3(A = Li or Na, M = Ti, V, and Fe) are promising candidates for Li- and Na-ion batteries due to their open three-dimensional framework structure. Here we report the electrochemical properties of hydrogen titanium phosphate sulfate, H0.4Ti2(PO4)2.4(SO4)0.6(HTPS), a new mixed polyanion material with NASICON structure. Micron-sized HTPS aggregates with crystallite grain size of ca. 23 nm are synthesized using a sol-gel synthesis in an acidic medium. The properties of the as-synthesized HTPS, ball-milled HTPS, and samples prepared as carbon composites using an in-situ glucose decomposition reaction are investigated. A capacity of 148 mAh g−1corresponding to insertion of 2 Li+per formula unit is observed in the ball-milled HTPS over the potential window of 1.5–3.4 V vs. Li/Li+. Lithiation at ca. 2.8 and 2.5 V is determined to occur through filling of the M1 and M2 sites, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used characterize the HTPS before and after cycling. Evaluation of the HTPS in a Na-ion cell is also performed. A discharge capacity of 93 mAh g−1with sodiation at ca. 2.9 and 2.2 V vs. Na/Na+is observed.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 197-206 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Journal of Power Sources |
Volume | 343 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2017 |
Keywords
- Cathode
- Lithium battery
- NASICON
- Polyanion
- Sodium battery
- Titanate
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering