Morphological features of sumac leaves (Rhus, anacardiaceae), from the latest early eocene flora of republic, washington

Soon Flynn; Melanie L. Devore; Kathleen B. Pigg

doi:10.1086/703526

Morphological features of sumac leaves (Rhus, anacardiaceae), from the latest early eocene flora of republic, washington

Soon Flynn, Melanie L. Devore, Kathleen B. Pigg

Life Sciences, School of (SOLS)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Premise of research. Newly identified fossils attributable to Rhus (Anacardiaceae) from the latest early Eocene flora of Republic, Washington, are recognized. Included are a revision of Rhus malloryi, three new species of Rhus based upon leaflet and rachis morphology, and a group of Rhus leaves showing variation in leaflet mor-phology, venation, and margin, in part comparable to similar features seen in hybrid angiosperms today. Together, these fossils demonstrate that Rhus was already undergoing diversification in western North America during the latest early Eocene. Methodology. Compression-impression fossils preserved in a lacustrine shale were uncovered from the rock matrix and photographed with light microscopy. Specimens were compared morphologically with fossil and extant material of related plants, and resulting images were processed minimally with Adobe Photoshop. Pivotal results. Fossil Rhus leaves are diverse in the Eocene and demonstrate morphologies characteristic of hybrid leaves in this genus today. Conclusions. This study demonstrates greater systematic diversity than previously known within the genus Rhus in the Okanogan Highlands flora of Republic, Washington. These leaves also provide additional evidence for possible hybridization and other evolutionary processes at play within the sumacs by the latest early Eocene in western North America.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	464-478
Number of pages	15
Journal	International Journal of Plant Sciences
Volume	180
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1086/703526
State	Published - Jul 1 2019

Keywords

Anacardiaceae
Hybridization
Leaf fossils
Okanogan Highlands
Pinnately compound leaves

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Plant Science

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10.1086/703526

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@article{df888eaefeb943f38b90177b1aaec887,

title = "Morphological features of sumac leaves (Rhus, anacardiaceae), from the latest early eocene flora of republic, washington",

abstract = "Premise of research. Newly identified fossils attributable to Rhus (Anacardiaceae) from the latest early Eocene flora of Republic, Washington, are recognized. Included are a revision of Rhus malloryi, three new species of Rhus based upon leaflet and rachis morphology, and a group of Rhus leaves showing variation in leaflet mor-phology, venation, and margin, in part comparable to similar features seen in hybrid angiosperms today. Together, these fossils demonstrate that Rhus was already undergoing diversification in western North America during the latest early Eocene. Methodology. Compression-impression fossils preserved in a lacustrine shale were uncovered from the rock matrix and photographed with light microscopy. Specimens were compared morphologically with fossil and extant material of related plants, and resulting images were processed minimally with Adobe Photoshop. Pivotal results. Fossil Rhus leaves are diverse in the Eocene and demonstrate morphologies characteristic of hybrid leaves in this genus today. Conclusions. This study demonstrates greater systematic diversity than previously known within the genus Rhus in the Okanogan Highlands flora of Republic, Washington. These leaves also provide additional evidence for possible hybridization and other evolutionary processes at play within the sumacs by the latest early Eocene in western North America.",

keywords = "Anacardiaceae, Hybridization, Leaf fossils, Okanogan Highlands, Pinnately compound leaves",

author = "Soon Flynn and Devore, {Melanie L.} and Pigg, {Kathleen B.}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Mihai Tomescu, Igancio Escapa, and Michael Dunn for the opportunity to contribute to this volume in honor of our dear friend and mentor Gar W. Rothwell. We thank Katherine Meade and Travis Wellman, Stonerose Interpretive Center, for allowing us to study specimens, and the following individuals who contributed their specimens to the Stonerose collections: Patty Jo Austin, Drew Barga, Yvonne Baril, Lisa Barksdale, Bruce Blanchard, Rick Dillhoff, Stephanie Dinkins, Leslie Dunn, Catherine Gallaher, Dave Hooker, Jenae Kirby, Alison Leach, Duane Lunde, Shannon Miller, Amanda Mull, T. J. Patterson, Madilane Perry, Paul Shaper, Wes Wehr, Rodney While, Dawn Marie Williams, and Jonathan M. Wittry II. We also thank Patricia G. Gensel for reading the manuscript; Elizabeth Mak- ings, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium (ASU), and Paul Warnick, University of Idaho Arboretum, for access to comparative extant materials of Rhus; Cathy Ciais, Northern Inn, Republic, Washington; William C. Rember and Atti Tenzin Dolkar for logistical support; and Leopold Bond, Lia Clark, and Judith and Daniel Moses for technical assistance. Funding for support of travel (K. B. Pigg) from Jane Maienschein and the Center for Biology and Society, School of Life Sciences, ASU is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.",

year = "2019",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1086/703526",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "180",

pages = "464--478",

journal = "International Journal of Plant Sciences",

issn = "1058-5893",

publisher = "University of Chicago",

number = "6",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Morphological features of sumac leaves (Rhus, anacardiaceae), from the latest early eocene flora of republic, washington

AU - Flynn, Soon

AU - Devore, Melanie L.

AU - Pigg, Kathleen B.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Mihai Tomescu, Igancio Escapa, and Michael Dunn for the opportunity to contribute to this volume in honor of our dear friend and mentor Gar W. Rothwell. We thank Katherine Meade and Travis Wellman, Stonerose Interpretive Center, for allowing us to study specimens, and the following individuals who contributed their specimens to the Stonerose collections: Patty Jo Austin, Drew Barga, Yvonne Baril, Lisa Barksdale, Bruce Blanchard, Rick Dillhoff, Stephanie Dinkins, Leslie Dunn, Catherine Gallaher, Dave Hooker, Jenae Kirby, Alison Leach, Duane Lunde, Shannon Miller, Amanda Mull, T. J. Patterson, Madilane Perry, Paul Shaper, Wes Wehr, Rodney While, Dawn Marie Williams, and Jonathan M. Wittry II. We also thank Patricia G. Gensel for reading the manuscript; Elizabeth Mak- ings, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium (ASU), and Paul Warnick, University of Idaho Arboretum, for access to comparative extant materials of Rhus; Cathy Ciais, Northern Inn, Republic, Washington; William C. Rember and Atti Tenzin Dolkar for logistical support; and Leopold Bond, Lia Clark, and Judith and Daniel Moses for technical assistance. Funding for support of travel (K. B. Pigg) from Jane Maienschein and the Center for Biology and Society, School of Life Sciences, ASU is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

PY - 2019/7/1

Y1 - 2019/7/1

N2 - Premise of research. Newly identified fossils attributable to Rhus (Anacardiaceae) from the latest early Eocene flora of Republic, Washington, are recognized. Included are a revision of Rhus malloryi, three new species of Rhus based upon leaflet and rachis morphology, and a group of Rhus leaves showing variation in leaflet mor-phology, venation, and margin, in part comparable to similar features seen in hybrid angiosperms today. Together, these fossils demonstrate that Rhus was already undergoing diversification in western North America during the latest early Eocene. Methodology. Compression-impression fossils preserved in a lacustrine shale were uncovered from the rock matrix and photographed with light microscopy. Specimens were compared morphologically with fossil and extant material of related plants, and resulting images were processed minimally with Adobe Photoshop. Pivotal results. Fossil Rhus leaves are diverse in the Eocene and demonstrate morphologies characteristic of hybrid leaves in this genus today. Conclusions. This study demonstrates greater systematic diversity than previously known within the genus Rhus in the Okanogan Highlands flora of Republic, Washington. These leaves also provide additional evidence for possible hybridization and other evolutionary processes at play within the sumacs by the latest early Eocene in western North America.

AB - Premise of research. Newly identified fossils attributable to Rhus (Anacardiaceae) from the latest early Eocene flora of Republic, Washington, are recognized. Included are a revision of Rhus malloryi, three new species of Rhus based upon leaflet and rachis morphology, and a group of Rhus leaves showing variation in leaflet mor-phology, venation, and margin, in part comparable to similar features seen in hybrid angiosperms today. Together, these fossils demonstrate that Rhus was already undergoing diversification in western North America during the latest early Eocene. Methodology. Compression-impression fossils preserved in a lacustrine shale were uncovered from the rock matrix and photographed with light microscopy. Specimens were compared morphologically with fossil and extant material of related plants, and resulting images were processed minimally with Adobe Photoshop. Pivotal results. Fossil Rhus leaves are diverse in the Eocene and demonstrate morphologies characteristic of hybrid leaves in this genus today. Conclusions. This study demonstrates greater systematic diversity than previously known within the genus Rhus in the Okanogan Highlands flora of Republic, Washington. These leaves also provide additional evidence for possible hybridization and other evolutionary processes at play within the sumacs by the latest early Eocene in western North America.

KW - Anacardiaceae

KW - Hybridization

KW - Leaf fossils

KW - Okanogan Highlands

KW - Pinnately compound leaves

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Morphological features of sumac leaves (Rhus, anacardiaceae), from the latest early eocene flora of republic, washington

Abstract

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