Mitigating Internal Instrument Coupling for 21 cm Cosmology. II. A Method Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Nicholas S. Kern; Aaron R. Parsons; Joshua S. Dillon; Adam E. Lanman; Adrian Liu; Philip Bull; Aaron Ewall-Wice; Zara Abdurashidova; James E. Aguirre; Paul Alexander; Zaki S. Ali; Yanga Balfour; Adam P. Beardsley; Gianni Bernardi; Judd D. Bowman; Richard F. Bradley; Jacob Burba; Chris L. Carilli; Carina Cheng; David R. Deboer; Matt Dexter; Eloy De Lera Acedo; Nicolas Fagnoni; Randall Fritz; Steve R. Furlanetto; Brian Glendenning; Deepthi Gorthi; Bradley Greig; Jasper Grobbelaar; Ziyaad Halday; Bryna J. Hazelton; Jacqueline N. Hewitt; Jack Hickish; Daniel C. Jacobs; Austin Julius; Joshua Kerrigan; Piyanat Kittiwisit; Saul A. Kohn; Matthew Kolopanis; Paul La Plante; Telalo Lekalake; David Macmahon; Lourence Malan; Cresshim Malgas; Matthys Maree; Zachary E. Martinot; Eunice Matsetela; Andrei Mesinger; Mathakane Molewa; Miguel F. Morales; Tshegofalang Mosiane; Steven G. Murray; Abraham R. Neben; Nipanjana Patra; Samantha Pieterse; Jonathan C. Pober; Nima Razavi-Ghods; Jon Ringuette; James Robnett; Kathryn Rosie; Peter Sims; Craig Smith; Angelo Syce; Nithyanandan Thyagarajan; Peter K.G. Williams; Haoxuan Zheng

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5e8a

Mitigating Internal Instrument Coupling for 21 cm Cosmology. II. A Method Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Nicholas S. Kern, Aaron R. Parsons, Joshua S. Dillon, Adam E. Lanman, Adrian Liu, Philip Bull, Aaron Ewall-Wice, Zara Abdurashidova, James E. Aguirre, Paul Alexander, Zaki S. Ali, Yanga Balfour, Adam P. Beardsley, Gianni Bernardi, Judd D. Bowman, Richard F. Bradley, Jacob Burba, Chris L. Carilli, Carina Cheng, David R. DeboerMatt Dexter, Eloy De Lera Acedo, Nicolas Fagnoni, Randall Fritz, Steve R. Furlanetto, Brian Glendenning, Deepthi Gorthi, Bradley Greig, Jasper Grobbelaar, Ziyaad Halday, Bryna J. Hazelton, Jacqueline N. Hewitt, Jack Hickish, Daniel C. Jacobs, Austin Julius, Joshua Kerrigan, Piyanat Kittiwisit, Saul A. Kohn, Matthew Kolopanis, Paul La Plante, Telalo Lekalake, David Macmahon, Lourence Malan, Cresshim Malgas, Matthys Maree, Zachary E. Martinot, Eunice Matsetela, Andrei Mesinger, Mathakane Molewa, Miguel F. Morales, Tshegofalang Mosiane, Steven G. Murray, Abraham R. Neben, Nipanjana Patra, Samantha Pieterse, Jonathan C. Pober, Nima Razavi-Ghods, Jon Ringuette, James Robnett, Kathryn Rosie, Peter Sims, Craig Smith, Angelo Syce, Nithyanandan Thyagarajan, Peter K.G. Williams, Haoxuan Zheng

Earth and Space Exploration, School of (SESE)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

44 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present a study of internal reflection and cross-coupling systematics in Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). In a companion paper, we outlined the mathematical formalism for such systematics and presented algorithms for modeling and removing them from the data. In this work, we apply these techniques to data from HERA's first observing season as a method demonstration. The data show evidence for systematics that, without removal, would hinder a detection of the 21 cm power spectrum for the targeted Epoch of Reionization (EoR) line-of-sight modes in the range 0.2 h ^-1 Mpc^-1 < $" SRC="apjab5e8aieqn1.gif"/ < 0.5 h ^-1 Mpc^-1. In particular, we find evidence for nonnegligible amounts of spectral structure in the raw autocorrelations that overlaps with the EoR window and is suggestive of complex instrumental effects. Through systematic modeling on a single night of data, we find we can recover these modes in the power spectrum down to the integrated noise floor, achieving a dynamic range in the EoR window of 10⁶ in power (mK² units) with respect to the bright galactic foreground signal. Future work with deeper integrations will help determine whether these systematics can continue to be mitigated down to EoR levels. For future observing seasons, HERA will have upgraded analog and digital hardware to better control these systematics in the field.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	70
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	888
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5e8a
State	Published - Jan 10 2020

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.3847/1538-4357/ab5e8a

Cite this

Kern, N. S., Parsons, A. R., Dillon, J. S., Lanman, A. E., Liu, A., Bull, P., Ewall-Wice, A., Abdurashidova, Z., Aguirre, J. E., Alexander, P., Ali, Z. S., Balfour, Y., Beardsley, A. P., Bernardi, G., Bowman, J. D., Bradley, R. F., Burba, J., Carilli, C. L., Cheng, C., ... Zheng, H. (2020). Mitigating Internal Instrument Coupling for 21 cm Cosmology. II. A Method Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array. Astrophysical Journal, 888(2), Article 70. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5e8a

Kern, NS, Parsons, AR, Dillon, JS, Lanman, AE, Liu, A, Bull, P, Ewall-Wice, A, Abdurashidova, Z, Aguirre, JE, Alexander, P, Ali, ZS, Balfour, Y, Beardsley, AP, Bernardi, G, Bowman, JD, Bradley, RF, Burba, J, Carilli, CL, Cheng, C, Deboer, DR, Dexter, M, De Lera Acedo, E, Fagnoni, N, Fritz, R, Furlanetto, SR, Glendenning, B, Gorthi, D, Greig, B, Grobbelaar, J, Halday, Z, Hazelton, BJ, Hewitt, JN, Hickish, J, Jacobs, DC, Julius, A, Kerrigan, J, Kittiwisit, P, Kohn, SA, Kolopanis, M, La Plante, P, Lekalake, T, Macmahon, D, Malan, L, Malgas, C, Maree, M, Martinot, ZE, Matsetela, E, Mesinger, A, Molewa, M, Morales, MF, Mosiane, T, Murray, SG, Neben, AR, Patra, N, Pieterse, S, Pober, JC, Razavi-Ghods, N, Ringuette, J, Robnett, J, Rosie, K, Sims, P, Smith, C, Syce, A, Thyagarajan, N, Williams, PKG & Zheng, H 2020, 'Mitigating Internal Instrument Coupling for 21 cm Cosmology. II. A Method Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 888, no. 2, 70. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5e8a

@article{2dbea2b327694926969eb5cbcb431351,

title = "Mitigating Internal Instrument Coupling for 21 cm Cosmology. II. A Method Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array",

abstract = "We present a study of internal reflection and cross-coupling systematics in Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). In a companion paper, we outlined the mathematical formalism for such systematics and presented algorithms for modeling and removing them from the data. In this work, we apply these techniques to data from HERA's first observing season as a method demonstration. The data show evidence for systematics that, without removal, would hinder a detection of the 21 cm power spectrum for the targeted Epoch of Reionization (EoR) line-of-sight modes in the range 0.2 h -1 Mpc-1 < ${"} SRC={"}apjab5e8aieqn1.gif{"}/ < 0.5 h -1 Mpc-1. In particular, we find evidence for nonnegligible amounts of spectral structure in the raw autocorrelations that overlaps with the EoR window and is suggestive of complex instrumental effects. Through systematic modeling on a single night of data, we find we can recover these modes in the power spectrum down to the integrated noise floor, achieving a dynamic range in the EoR window of 106 in power (mK2 units) with respect to the bright galactic foreground signal. Future work with deeper integrations will help determine whether these systematics can continue to be mitigated down to EoR levels. For future observing seasons, HERA will have upgraded analog and digital hardware to better control these systematics in the field.",

author = "Kern, {Nicholas S.} and Parsons, {Aaron R.} and Dillon, {Joshua S.} and Lanman, {Adam E.} and Adrian Liu and Philip Bull and Aaron Ewall-Wice and Zara Abdurashidova and Aguirre, {James E.} and Paul Alexander and Ali, {Zaki S.} and Yanga Balfour and Beardsley, {Adam P.} and Gianni Bernardi and Bowman, {Judd D.} and Bradley, {Richard F.} and Jacob Burba and Carilli, {Chris L.} and Carina Cheng and Deboer, {David R.} and Matt Dexter and {De Lera Acedo}, Eloy and Nicolas Fagnoni and Randall Fritz and Furlanetto, {Steve R.} and Brian Glendenning and Deepthi Gorthi and Bradley Greig and Jasper Grobbelaar and Ziyaad Halday and Hazelton, {Bryna J.} and Hewitt, {Jacqueline N.} and Jack Hickish and Jacobs, {Daniel C.} and Austin Julius and Joshua Kerrigan and Piyanat Kittiwisit and Kohn, {Saul A.} and Matthew Kolopanis and {La Plante}, Paul and Telalo Lekalake and David Macmahon and Lourence Malan and Cresshim Malgas and Matthys Maree and Martinot, {Zachary E.} and Eunice Matsetela and Andrei Mesinger and Mathakane Molewa and Morales, {Miguel F.} and Tshegofalang Mosiane and Murray, {Steven G.} and Neben, {Abraham R.} and Nipanjana Patra and Samantha Pieterse and Pober, {Jonathan C.} and Nima Razavi-Ghods and Jon Ringuette and James Robnett and Kathryn Rosie and Peter Sims and Craig Smith and Angelo Syce and Nithyanandan Thyagarajan and Williams, {Peter K.G.} and Haoxuan Zheng",

year = "2020",

month = jan,

day = "10",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ab5e8a",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "888",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Mitigating Internal Instrument Coupling for 21 cm Cosmology. II. A Method Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

AU - Kern, Nicholas S.

AU - Parsons, Aaron R.

AU - Dillon, Joshua S.

AU - Lanman, Adam E.

AU - Liu, Adrian

AU - Bull, Philip

AU - Ewall-Wice, Aaron

AU - Abdurashidova, Zara

AU - Aguirre, James E.

AU - Alexander, Paul

AU - Ali, Zaki S.

AU - Balfour, Yanga

AU - Beardsley, Adam P.

AU - Bernardi, Gianni

AU - Bowman, Judd D.

AU - Bradley, Richard F.

AU - Burba, Jacob

AU - Carilli, Chris L.

AU - Cheng, Carina

AU - Deboer, David R.

AU - Dexter, Matt

AU - De Lera Acedo, Eloy

AU - Fagnoni, Nicolas

AU - Fritz, Randall

AU - Furlanetto, Steve R.

AU - Glendenning, Brian

AU - Gorthi, Deepthi

AU - Greig, Bradley

AU - Grobbelaar, Jasper

AU - Halday, Ziyaad

AU - Hazelton, Bryna J.

AU - Hewitt, Jacqueline N.

AU - Hickish, Jack

AU - Jacobs, Daniel C.

AU - Julius, Austin

AU - Kerrigan, Joshua

AU - Kittiwisit, Piyanat

AU - Kohn, Saul A.

AU - Kolopanis, Matthew

AU - La Plante, Paul

AU - Lekalake, Telalo

AU - Macmahon, David

AU - Malan, Lourence

AU - Malgas, Cresshim

AU - Maree, Matthys

AU - Martinot, Zachary E.

AU - Matsetela, Eunice

AU - Mesinger, Andrei

AU - Molewa, Mathakane

AU - Morales, Miguel F.

AU - Mosiane, Tshegofalang

AU - Murray, Steven G.

AU - Neben, Abraham R.

AU - Patra, Nipanjana

AU - Pieterse, Samantha

AU - Pober, Jonathan C.

AU - Razavi-Ghods, Nima

AU - Ringuette, Jon

AU - Robnett, James

AU - Rosie, Kathryn

AU - Sims, Peter

AU - Smith, Craig

AU - Syce, Angelo

AU - Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan

AU - Williams, Peter K.G.

AU - Zheng, Haoxuan

PY - 2020/1/10

Y1 - 2020/1/10

N2 - We present a study of internal reflection and cross-coupling systematics in Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). In a companion paper, we outlined the mathematical formalism for such systematics and presented algorithms for modeling and removing them from the data. In this work, we apply these techniques to data from HERA's first observing season as a method demonstration. The data show evidence for systematics that, without removal, would hinder a detection of the 21 cm power spectrum for the targeted Epoch of Reionization (EoR) line-of-sight modes in the range 0.2 h -1 Mpc-1 < $" SRC="apjab5e8aieqn1.gif"/ < 0.5 h -1 Mpc-1. In particular, we find evidence for nonnegligible amounts of spectral structure in the raw autocorrelations that overlaps with the EoR window and is suggestive of complex instrumental effects. Through systematic modeling on a single night of data, we find we can recover these modes in the power spectrum down to the integrated noise floor, achieving a dynamic range in the EoR window of 106 in power (mK2 units) with respect to the bright galactic foreground signal. Future work with deeper integrations will help determine whether these systematics can continue to be mitigated down to EoR levels. For future observing seasons, HERA will have upgraded analog and digital hardware to better control these systematics in the field.

AB - We present a study of internal reflection and cross-coupling systematics in Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). In a companion paper, we outlined the mathematical formalism for such systematics and presented algorithms for modeling and removing them from the data. In this work, we apply these techniques to data from HERA's first observing season as a method demonstration. The data show evidence for systematics that, without removal, would hinder a detection of the 21 cm power spectrum for the targeted Epoch of Reionization (EoR) line-of-sight modes in the range 0.2 h -1 Mpc-1 < $" SRC="apjab5e8aieqn1.gif"/ < 0.5 h -1 Mpc-1. In particular, we find evidence for nonnegligible amounts of spectral structure in the raw autocorrelations that overlaps with the EoR window and is suggestive of complex instrumental effects. Through systematic modeling on a single night of data, we find we can recover these modes in the power spectrum down to the integrated noise floor, achieving a dynamic range in the EoR window of 106 in power (mK2 units) with respect to the bright galactic foreground signal. Future work with deeper integrations will help determine whether these systematics can continue to be mitigated down to EoR levels. For future observing seasons, HERA will have upgraded analog and digital hardware to better control these systematics in the field.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081562744&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85081562744&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab5e8a

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab5e8a

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85081562744

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 888

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 70

ER -

Mitigating Internal Instrument Coupling for 21 cm Cosmology. II. A Method Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this