Abstract
It is imperative to recover lead (Pb) contained in end-of-life solar modules. In this paper, a two-step leaching and electrowinning process using acetic acid is investigated for Pb recovery. Acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide can dissolve Pb quickly and, under some conditions, in a matter of minutes. Pb electrowinning has been successfully demonstrated from aqueous solutions of 0.009 M lead(II) acetate with 0–10% v/v acetic acid. Pb-containing deposits are found on both the copper cathode and graphite anode. X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm the presence of metallic Pb and Pb(II) oxide (PbO) co-deposits on the cathode. There is also the formation of lead subacetate on the cathode under certain conditions. On the anode, the deposit consists of lead(IV) oxide and superoxide (PbO2 and Pb1–xO2). A Pb recovery rate of 99% is achieved in 0.009 M lead(II) acetate solutions with 10% v/v acetic acid by applying a reduction potential of either –0.8 V or –1.0 V versus the silver/silver chloride reference electrode for 24 h. Pb leaching with acetic acid is also demonstrated from milled silicon solar modules.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 112260 |
Journal | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells |
Volume | 254 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 1 2023 |
Keywords
- Acetic acid
- Lead electrowinning
- Lead leaching
- Lead recovery
- Silicon solar module recycling
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films