Lagrangian coherent structure analysis of terminal winds detected by lidar. Part II: Structure evolution and comparison with flight data

Using observational data from coherent Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) systems situated at the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA), the authors extract Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) intersecting the flight path of landing aircraft. They study the time evolution of LCS and compare them with onboard wind shear and altitude data collected during airplane approaches. Their results show good correlation between LCS extracted from the lidar data and updrafts and downdrafts experienced by landing aircraft. Overall, LCS analysis shows promise as a robust real-time tool to detect unsteady flow structures that impact airplane traffic.