Knowledge diffusion and transfer of technology: Conceptual premises and concrete steps for human services innovators

This article examines the premises and processes involved in disseminating knowledge, transferring new technology, or innovating programs in the personal social services. In addition, this article reviews the literature on knowledge diffusion and provides examples from two successful technology transfer projects in Pennsylvania that continue to thrive well past the initial stages of transfer. The basic premises of knowledge diffusion are reviewed, and concrete, specific steps that can guide innovators in the human services are presented. This article provides principles that can enlighten the way in which managers and service providers introduce and nurture changes in human services organizations.