TY - JOUR
T1 - History of manic and hypomanic episodes and risk of incident cardiovascular disease
T2 - 11.5 year follow-up from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study
AU - Ramsey, Christine M.
AU - Leoutsakos, Jeannie Marie
AU - Mayer, Lawrence S.
AU - Eaton, William W.
AU - Lee, Hochang B.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge support from NIDA grant DA 026652 .
Funding Information:
This research was supported by grants MH68793 (Lee) and MH47447 (Eaton) from the National Institute of Mental Health.
PY - 2010/9
Y1 - 2010/9
N2 - Background: While several studies have suggested that bipolar disorder may elevate risk of cardiovascular disease, few studies have examined the relationship between mania or hypomania and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to examine history of manic and hypomanic episodes as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) during an 11.5 year follow-up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up Study. Methods: All participants were psychiatrically assessed face-to-face based on Diagnostic Interview Schedule in 1981 and 1982 and were categorized as having either history of manic or hypomanic episode (MHE; n = 58), major depressive episode only (MDE; n = 71) or no mood episode (NME; n = 1339). Incident cardiovascular disease (CVD; n = 67) was determined by self-report of either myocardial infarction (MI) or congestive heart failure (CHF) in 1993-6. Results: Compared with NME subjects, the odds ratio for incident CVD among MHE subjects was 2.97 (95% confidence interval: 1.40, 6.34) after adjusting for putative risk factors. Conclusions: These data suggest that a history of MHE increase the risk of incident CVD among community residents. Recognition of manic symptoms and addressing related CVD risk factors could have long term preventative implications in the development of cardiovascular disease in the community.
AB - Background: While several studies have suggested that bipolar disorder may elevate risk of cardiovascular disease, few studies have examined the relationship between mania or hypomania and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to examine history of manic and hypomanic episodes as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) during an 11.5 year follow-up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up Study. Methods: All participants were psychiatrically assessed face-to-face based on Diagnostic Interview Schedule in 1981 and 1982 and were categorized as having either history of manic or hypomanic episode (MHE; n = 58), major depressive episode only (MDE; n = 71) or no mood episode (NME; n = 1339). Incident cardiovascular disease (CVD; n = 67) was determined by self-report of either myocardial infarction (MI) or congestive heart failure (CHF) in 1993-6. Results: Compared with NME subjects, the odds ratio for incident CVD among MHE subjects was 2.97 (95% confidence interval: 1.40, 6.34) after adjusting for putative risk factors. Conclusions: These data suggest that a history of MHE increase the risk of incident CVD among community residents. Recognition of manic symptoms and addressing related CVD risk factors could have long term preventative implications in the development of cardiovascular disease in the community.
KW - Bipolar disorder
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - ECA
KW - Hypomania
KW - Mania
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2009.12.024
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2009.12.024
M3 - Article
C2 - 20570367
AN - SCOPUS:77955556073
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 125
SP - 35
EP - 41
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
IS - 1-3
ER -