@article{56a9a0df8e27400ebad3554e2c2ef206,
title = "High-fidelity simulation of the effects of street trees, green roofs and green walls on the distribution of thermal exposure in Prague-Dejvice",
abstract = "We investigate the heat stress mitigation potential of greening strategies in Prague using a configuration of the PALM-4U model that has been rigorously evaluated with measurements. Three greening scenarios were evaluated using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The UTCI reduction effect of broad-leaf or coniferous trees in a complex urban environment was found to be strongly local, with minor domain-average UTCI reductions; −4.1K under tree crowns and −0.6K on average in the neighbourhood as a day-time average, peaking at about twice these values near midday. During daytime the UTCI reduction potential of trees increases with the intensity and duration of solar exposure; −15.1K is the spatial maximum across all scenarios. For trees fully shaded by buildings, UTCI reduction was low (−0.5K as maximum). Tree planting reduces air temperature by more than 5K in some locations under trees, and reduces neighbourhood-average air temperature by up to 0.3K, with cooling peaking in the early evening about 8 h after the corresponding peak in UTCI reduction. Results emphasize the highly localized microclimate effects of trees for pedestrian thermal exposure reduction. The combination of green walls and roofs yielded negligible results in terms of UTCI reduction and only small air temperature effects.",
keywords = "Biometeorology, Heat-wave, PALM, Thermal comfort, Universal thermal climate index (UTCI), Urban greenery",
author = "J. Geleti{\v c} and M. Lehnert and J. Resler and P. Kr{\v c} and A. Middel and Krayenhoff, {E. S.} and E. Kr{\"u}ger",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Ing. Andrea {\v S}ipanov{\'a} from the Department of Air Quality in the Magistrate of the Capital City of Prague for cooperation on mitigation strategies. The terrain-mapping campaign of building properties was co-financed by the Strategy AV21 projects “Energy interactions of buildings and the outdoor urban environment” and “City as Lab of changes”, financed by the Czech Academy of Sciences. We would like to thank Prof. Ji{\v r}{\'i} Cajthaml and the students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University, Prague, for their help with the terrain-mapping campaign. The PALM simulations, pre- and postprocessing were performed on the HPC infrastructure of the Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences (ICS), supported by the long-term strategic development financing of the ICS (RVO:67985807), and project TURBAN (TO01000219; TURBAN – Turbulent-resolving urban modeling of air quality and thermal comfort) supported by Norway Grants and Technology Agency of the Czech Republic. Coauthor J.G. was supported by the Czech Academy of Sciences under the program for research and mobility support of starting researchers (MSM100302001). Funding Information: We would like to thank Ing. Andrea {\v S}ipanov{\'a} from the Department of Air Quality in the Magistrate of the Capital City of Prague for cooperation on mitigation strategies. The terrain-mapping campaign of building properties was co-financed by the Strategy AV21 projects “Energy interactions of buildings and the outdoor urban environment” and “City as Lab of changes”, financed by the Czech Academy of Sciences . We would like to thank Prof. Ji{\v r}{\'i} Cajthaml and the students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University, Prague, for their help with the terrain-mapping campaign. The PALM simulations, pre- and postprocessing were performed on the HPC infrastructure of the Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences ( ICS ), supported by the long-term strategic development financing of the ICS (RVO: 67985807 ), and project TURBAN ( TO01000219 ; TURBAN – Turbulent-resolving urban modeling of air quality and thermal comfort) supported by Norway Grants and Technology Agency of the Czech Republic . Coauthor J.G. was supported by the Czech Academy of Sciences under the program for research and mobility support of starting researchers ( MSM100302001 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109484",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "223",
journal = "Building and Environment",
issn = "0360-1323",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}