@article{0f8e7f16e7f349d9b968550b46a18050,
title = "Genetic analysis suggests dispersal among chimpanzees in a fragmented forest landscape in Uganda",
abstract = "Habitat fragmentation is a leading threat to global biodiversity. Dispersal plays a key role in gene flow and population viability, but the impact of fragmentation on dispersal patterns remains poorly understood. Among chimpanzees, males typically remain in their natal communities while females often disperse. However, habitat loss and fragmentation may cause severe ecological disruptions, potentially resulting in decreased fitness benefits of male philopatry and limited female dispersal ability. To investigate this issue, we genotyped nearly 900 non-invasively collected chimpanzee fecal samples across a fragmented forest habitat that may function as a corridor between two large continuous forests in Uganda, and used the spatial associations among co-sampled genotypes to attribute a total of 229 individuals to 10 distinct communities, including 9 communities in the corridor habitat and 1 in continuous forest. We then used parentage analyses to infer instances of between-community dispersal. Of the 115 parent–offspring dyads detected with confidence, members of 39% (N = 26) of mother–daughter dyads were found in different communities, while members of 10% (N = 5) of father–son dyads were found in different communities. We also found direct evidence for one dispersal event that occurred during the study period, as a female's sample found first in one community was found multiple times in another community 19 months later. These findings suggest that even in fragmented habitats, chimpanzee males remain in their natal communities while females tend to disperse. Corridor enhancement in unprotected forest fragments could help maintain gene flow in chimpanzees and other species amid anthropogenic pressures.",
keywords = "Pan troglodytes, chimpanzee, dispersal, ecological corridor, genetic tracking, habitat fragmentation",
author = "McCarthy, {Maureen S.} and Lester, {Jack D.} and Kevin Langergraber and Stanford, {Craig B.} and Linda Vigilant",
note = "Funding Information: permission to conduct this research. This research complied with laws of Uganda and with the American Society of Primatologists{\textquoteright} Principles for the Ethical Treatment of Primates. This study was funded by the American Society of Primatologists, the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the Max Planck Society, the University of Southern California Jane Goodall Research Center and Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, the Nacey Maggioncalda Foundation, and Primate Conservation, Inc. For assistance during fieldwork, we thank Henry Irumba, Matthew McLennan, Nicholas Rugadya, Tom Sabiiti, Moses Ssemahunge, and Emily Stewart. We also thank Janette Wallis and the Kasokwa Forest Project for support with data collection in the Kasokwa Forest. For assistance with laboratory work, we thank Anette Abraham, Amy Heilman, and Veronika Staedele. For assistance with statistical analyses, we thank Roger Mundry. We thank Martin N. Muller, Richard W. Wrangham, and Zinta Zommers for contributing to the previously published genotypes used for error rate analyses. We thank Anthony Di Fiore and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on this manuscript. Funding Information: We thank the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, the Uganda Wildlife Authority, and the National Forestry Authority for permission to conduct this research. This research complied with laws of Uganda and with the American Society of Primatologists? Principles for the Ethical Treatment of Primates. This study was funded by the American Society of Primatologists, the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the Max Planck Society, the University of Southern California Jane Goodall Research Center and Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, the Nacey Maggioncalda Foundation, and Primate Conservation, Inc. For assistance during fieldwork, we thank Henry Irumba, Matthew McLennan, Nicholas Rugadya, Tom Sabiiti, Moses Ssemahunge, and Emily Stewart. We also thank Janette Wallis and the Kasokwa Forest Project for support with data collection in the Kasokwa Forest. For assistance with laboratory work, we thank Anette Abraham, Amy Heilman, and Veronika Staedele. For assistance with statistical analyses, we thank Roger Mundry. We thank Martin N. Muller, Richard W. Wrangham, and Zinta Zommers for contributing to the previously published genotypes used for error rate analyses. We thank Anthony Di Fiore and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
year = "2018",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1002/ajp.22902",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "80",
journal = "American Journal of Primatology",
issn = "0275-2565",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "9",
}