TY - JOUR
T1 - Gastrointestinal complaints and correlations with self-reported macronutrient intake in independent groups of (Ultra)marathon runners competing at different distances
AU - Hoogervorst, Daan
AU - van der Burg, Nancy
AU - Versteegen, Joline J.
AU - Lambrechtse, Karin J.
AU - Redegeld, Martijn I.
AU - Cornelissen, Larissa A.J.
AU - Wardenaar, Floris C.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This project was part of the Eat2Move project, which was supported by a grant from the Province of Gelderland, proposal PS2014-49. During the project, we partnered with Nutrisense BV, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands, a public company that provided a voucher (€75.–value) to a sub sample of the population (n = 28) included as an incentive for study participation in an additional part of this project aiming to validate the FFEQ against continuous observation. Another company, FrieslandCampina, Wageningen, The Netherlands, delivered food products that were provided to this same group of runners as part of a goody bag after finishing the race.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2019/6
Y1 - 2019/6
N2 - This study investigated the differences in gastrointestinal (GI) and exercise related complaints between groups of runners competing at different distances using web-based questionnaires. Total (severe) complaints were reported by 89.3% (49.7%) of the runners during the race vs. 70.6% (29.4%) after the race. Significant differences between groups were described for marathon (n = 98) and 60 km (n = 43) runners. During competition, runners reported the urge to urinate (47.7%), muscle cramps (43.6%) and belching (43.6%). The prevalence of bloating, flatulence, side ache and dizziness differed between distances (p < 0.02). There were small to moderate negative correlations between food and fluid intake and GI complaints. After competition (12 h), 70.6% of participants reported complaints, with muscle cramps (47.6%), flatulence (19.0%) and bloating (12.7%) being the most prevalent. Prevalence of belching, nausea, stomach cramps and muscle cramps differed between race distances (p < 0.04). There were small to high positive correlations between complaints during and after competition (p < 0.05). In conclusion, runners of all distances reported a high prevalence of GI and other exercise related complaints. There were some small differences in reporting type and severity of complaints between distances. Results showed small to strong correlations between complaints during and after competition and with nutrient intake, without a clear similar pattern for all distances.
AB - This study investigated the differences in gastrointestinal (GI) and exercise related complaints between groups of runners competing at different distances using web-based questionnaires. Total (severe) complaints were reported by 89.3% (49.7%) of the runners during the race vs. 70.6% (29.4%) after the race. Significant differences between groups were described for marathon (n = 98) and 60 km (n = 43) runners. During competition, runners reported the urge to urinate (47.7%), muscle cramps (43.6%) and belching (43.6%). The prevalence of bloating, flatulence, side ache and dizziness differed between distances (p < 0.02). There were small to moderate negative correlations between food and fluid intake and GI complaints. After competition (12 h), 70.6% of participants reported complaints, with muscle cramps (47.6%), flatulence (19.0%) and bloating (12.7%) being the most prevalent. Prevalence of belching, nausea, stomach cramps and muscle cramps differed between race distances (p < 0.04). There were small to high positive correlations between complaints during and after competition (p < 0.05). In conclusion, runners of all distances reported a high prevalence of GI and other exercise related complaints. There were some small differences in reporting type and severity of complaints between distances. Results showed small to strong correlations between complaints during and after competition and with nutrient intake, without a clear similar pattern for all distances.
KW - Endurance exercise
KW - Food and fluid exercise questionnaire (FFEQ)
KW - GI complaints
KW - Marathon
KW - Running
KW - Sports nutrition
KW - Ultrarunning
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U2 - 10.3390/sports7060140
DO - 10.3390/sports7060140
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85073516462
SN - 2075-4663
VL - 7
JO - Sports
JF - Sports
IS - 6
M1 - 140
ER -