TY - JOUR
T1 - From packet to power switching
T2 - Digital direct load scheduling
AU - Alizadeh, Mahnoosh
AU - Scaglione, Anna
AU - Thomas, Robert J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received 1 October 2011; revised 14 February 2012. This work has been funded by DOE under CERTS. Parts of this work was presented at Smartgridcomm 2011. M. Alizadeh and A. Scaglione are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis (email: {malizadeh,ascaglione}@ucdavis.edu). R. J. Thomas is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Cornell University (email: rjt1@cornell.edu.) Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSAC.2012.120702.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - At present, the power grid has tight control over its dispatchable generation capacity but a very coarse control on the demand. Energy consumers are shielded from making price-aware decisions, which degrades the efficiency of the market. This state of affairs tends to favor fossil fuel generation over renewable sources. Because of the technological difficulties of storing electric energy, the quest for mechanisms that would make the demand for electricity controllable on a day-to-day basis is gaining prominence. The goal of this paper is to provide one such mechanisms, which we call Digital Direct Load Scheduling (DDLS). DDLS is a direct load control mechanism in which we unbundle individual requests for energy and digitize them so that they can be automatically scheduled in a cellular architecture. Specifically, rather than storing energy or interrupting the job of appliances, we choose to hold requests for energy in queues and optimize the service time of individual appliances belonging to a broad class which we refer to as "deferrable loads". The function of each neighborhood scheduler is to optimize the time at which these appliances start to function. This process is intended to shape the aggregate load profile of the neighborhood so as to optimize an objective function which incorporates the spot price of energy, and also allows distributed energy resources to supply part of the generation dynamically.
AB - At present, the power grid has tight control over its dispatchable generation capacity but a very coarse control on the demand. Energy consumers are shielded from making price-aware decisions, which degrades the efficiency of the market. This state of affairs tends to favor fossil fuel generation over renewable sources. Because of the technological difficulties of storing electric energy, the quest for mechanisms that would make the demand for electricity controllable on a day-to-day basis is gaining prominence. The goal of this paper is to provide one such mechanisms, which we call Digital Direct Load Scheduling (DDLS). DDLS is a direct load control mechanism in which we unbundle individual requests for energy and digitize them so that they can be automatically scheduled in a cellular architecture. Specifically, rather than storing energy or interrupting the job of appliances, we choose to hold requests for energy in queues and optimize the service time of individual appliances belonging to a broad class which we refer to as "deferrable loads". The function of each neighborhood scheduler is to optimize the time at which these appliances start to function. This process is intended to shape the aggregate load profile of the neighborhood so as to optimize an objective function which incorporates the spot price of energy, and also allows distributed energy resources to supply part of the generation dynamically.
KW - Demand side management
KW - Smart Grid communications
KW - aggregator
KW - electric vehicles
KW - load scheduling
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U2 - 10.1109/JSAC.2012.120702
DO - 10.1109/JSAC.2012.120702
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84863535600
SN - 0733-8716
VL - 30
SP - 1027
EP - 1036
JO - IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
JF - IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
IS - 6
M1 - 6194242
ER -