TY - JOUR
T1 - Failure analysis of lead-acid batteries at extreme operating temperatures
AU - Prasad, Umesh
AU - Prakash, Jyoti
AU - Kannan, Arunachala Nadar M.
AU - Kamavaram, Venkat
AU - Arumugam, Ganesh K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Battery Energy published by Xijing University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
PY - 2023/7
Y1 - 2023/7
N2 - The lead-acid battery system is designed to perform optimally at ambient temperature (25°C) in terms of capacity and cyclability. However, varying climate zones enforce harsher conditions on automotive lead-acid batteries. Hence, they aged faster and showed lower performance when operated at extremity of the optimum ambient conditions. In this work, a systematic study was conducted to analyze the effect of varying temperatures (−10°C, 0°C, 25°C, and 40°C) on the sealed lead acid. Enersys® Cyclon (2 V, 5 Ah) cells were cycled at C/10 rate using a battery testing system. Environmental aging results in shorter cycle life due to the degradation of electrode and grid materials at higher temperatures (25°C and 40°C), while at lower temperatures (−10°C and 0°C), negligible degradation was observed due to slower kinetics and reduced available capacity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis were used to evaluate the degradation mechanism and chemical and morphological changes.
AB - The lead-acid battery system is designed to perform optimally at ambient temperature (25°C) in terms of capacity and cyclability. However, varying climate zones enforce harsher conditions on automotive lead-acid batteries. Hence, they aged faster and showed lower performance when operated at extremity of the optimum ambient conditions. In this work, a systematic study was conducted to analyze the effect of varying temperatures (−10°C, 0°C, 25°C, and 40°C) on the sealed lead acid. Enersys® Cyclon (2 V, 5 Ah) cells were cycled at C/10 rate using a battery testing system. Environmental aging results in shorter cycle life due to the degradation of electrode and grid materials at higher temperatures (25°C and 40°C), while at lower temperatures (−10°C and 0°C), negligible degradation was observed due to slower kinetics and reduced available capacity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis were used to evaluate the degradation mechanism and chemical and morphological changes.
KW - capacity degradation
KW - failure analysis
KW - higher temperatures
KW - lead acid batteries
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U2 - 10.1002/bte2.20230008
DO - 10.1002/bte2.20230008
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85182299208
SN - 2768-1696
VL - 2
JO - Battery Energy
JF - Battery Energy
IS - 4
M1 - 20230008
ER -