TY - JOUR
T1 - Extreme weather events and transmission losses in arid streams
AU - Schreiner-Mcgraw, Adam P.
AU - Ajami, Hoori
AU - Vivoni, Enrique R.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank John Anderson and other staff members of the USDA-ARS and Jornada LTER for field and data support. Funding provided by the Jornada LTER (DEB-1235828), Army Research Office (56059-EV-PCS), USDA multi-state W3188, UC Office of the President’s Multi-Campus Research Programs and Initiatives (MR-15-328473) through UC Water, the University of California Water Security and Sustainability Research Initiative, and USDA NIFA Graduate Fellowship program (2017-67011-26069) to A S-M is acknowledged. We are grateful to R C Templeton, C A Anderson and E R Peréz-Ruíz for their field activities. Datasets for the site are available at the Jornada Data Catalog (http://jornada.nmsu.edu/lter/data).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
PY - 2019/7/22
Y1 - 2019/7/22
N2 - A limited understanding of how extreme weather events affect groundwater hinders our ability to predict climate change impacts in drylands, where channel transmission losses are often the primary recharge mechanism. In this study, we investigate how potential changes to precipitation intensity and temperature will affect the water balance of a typical first-order, arid watershed located in the Chihuahuan Desert. We utilize a process-based hydrologic model driven by stochastically-downscaled simulations from a set of climate models, emissions scenarios, and future periods. Across many simulations, the average daily storm size is the primary factor that controls transmission losses with larger precipitation amounts increasing channel infiltration while simultaneously decreasing land surface evapotranspiration. Extreme events (>25 mm d-1) that account for less than 30% of the annual precipitation, contribute almost 50% of the focused recharge. As a result, climatic changes leading to larger, less frequent storms will result in higher channel transmission losses in arid regions.
AB - A limited understanding of how extreme weather events affect groundwater hinders our ability to predict climate change impacts in drylands, where channel transmission losses are often the primary recharge mechanism. In this study, we investigate how potential changes to precipitation intensity and temperature will affect the water balance of a typical first-order, arid watershed located in the Chihuahuan Desert. We utilize a process-based hydrologic model driven by stochastically-downscaled simulations from a set of climate models, emissions scenarios, and future periods. Across many simulations, the average daily storm size is the primary factor that controls transmission losses with larger precipitation amounts increasing channel infiltration while simultaneously decreasing land surface evapotranspiration. Extreme events (>25 mm d-1) that account for less than 30% of the annual precipitation, contribute almost 50% of the focused recharge. As a result, climatic changes leading to larger, less frequent storms will result in higher channel transmission losses in arid regions.
KW - climate change
KW - distributed hydrologic modeling
KW - dryland ecohydrology
KW - groundwater recharge
KW - water balance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85072696743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85072696743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1748-9326/ab2949
DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/ab2949
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85072696743
SN - 1748-9318
VL - 14
JO - Environmental Research Letters
JF - Environmental Research Letters
IS - 8
M1 - 084002
ER -