TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of methods to extract and quantify lipids from Synechocystis PCC 6803
AU - Sheng, Jie
AU - Vannela, Raveender
AU - Rittmann, Bruce
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported, in part, by British Petroleum (BP) and Science Foundation Arizona (SFAz). The authors are grateful to Dr. Wim F. J. Vermaas and his laboratory in the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University for assistance and advice on Synechocystis. The authors also thank Swathi Sridharakrishnan, David Lowry, Daniel Brune and Jesse Lynch for their technical support.
PY - 2011/1
Y1 - 2011/1
N2 - In order to use the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis as a source of feedstock for carbon-neutral, nonpetroleum-based diesel fuel, we evaluated several solvents and solvent systems for their ability to extract lipid from wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803. Chloroform. +. methanol-based Folch and Bligh & Dyer methods had the highest lipid recoveries. Less toxic solvents, such as methanol and MTBE, or direct trans-esterification of biomass (without pre-extraction step) gave only slightly lower lipid-extraction yields. Ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexane, acetic ester, and their combinations were not effective for lipid extraction from Synechocystis (>20% loss), even though they are widely used for non-polar lipid extraction from other feedstock, including algae. We confirmed the success of chloroform. +. methanol-based extraction by their penetration of the cell membrane system, higher polarity, and stronger interaction with hydrogen bonds. The less-polar solvents not only had lower lipid yield, but also extracted more non-lipid compounds that require extra purification to remove. We also characterized the fatty-acid profile of Synechocystis PCC 6803: C16:0 (∼60%), C16:1 (∼9.5%), C18:0 (∼1.2%), C18:1 (∼2%), C18:2 (∼9.8%), and C18:3 (∼16.5%).
AB - In order to use the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis as a source of feedstock for carbon-neutral, nonpetroleum-based diesel fuel, we evaluated several solvents and solvent systems for their ability to extract lipid from wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803. Chloroform. +. methanol-based Folch and Bligh & Dyer methods had the highest lipid recoveries. Less toxic solvents, such as methanol and MTBE, or direct trans-esterification of biomass (without pre-extraction step) gave only slightly lower lipid-extraction yields. Ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexane, acetic ester, and their combinations were not effective for lipid extraction from Synechocystis (>20% loss), even though they are widely used for non-polar lipid extraction from other feedstock, including algae. We confirmed the success of chloroform. +. methanol-based extraction by their penetration of the cell membrane system, higher polarity, and stronger interaction with hydrogen bonds. The less-polar solvents not only had lower lipid yield, but also extracted more non-lipid compounds that require extra purification to remove. We also characterized the fatty-acid profile of Synechocystis PCC 6803: C16:0 (∼60%), C16:1 (∼9.5%), C18:0 (∼1.2%), C18:1 (∼2%), C18:2 (∼9.8%), and C18:3 (∼16.5%).
KW - Biodiesel
KW - Cyanobacteria
KW - Lipid extraction
KW - Synechocystis
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U2 - 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.007
DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 20739178
AN - SCOPUS:78650682562
SN - 0960-8524
VL - 102
SP - 1697
EP - 1703
JO - Bioresource Technology
JF - Bioresource Technology
IS - 2
ER -