TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of increased water intake on uropathogenic bacterial activity of underhydrated menstruating young adult women
T2 - A randomized crossover trial
AU - Vento, Kaila A.
AU - Koskan, Alexis
AU - Lynch, Heidi
AU - Kavouras, Stavros
AU - Johnston, Carol
AU - Wardenaar, Floris C.
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was funded by the Sun Devils Athletics Department and College of Health Solutions at Arizona State University.
Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Arizona State University College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University Sun Devils Athletics Department.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Background: Females are prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to estrogen fluctuations affecting vaginal flora. While menstruating, increased fluid consumption to support urination frequency and void volume may be important, as the urethra and urinary tract are more predisposed to bacteria, particularly UTI pathogens. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of hydration on urinary tract health during menstruation among underhydrated premenopausal women. Methods: Thirteen females participated in a 60-day 2 × 2 randomized crossover trial to evaluate the effectiveness of consuming ≥2.2 L of total beverage fluid intake, with 1.9 L being water, (intervention, INT) and maintaining habitual fluid intake (control, CON) on two subsequent menses. Participants completed fluid and urination diaries at days 2 and 5 after the onset of bleeding (day 1) to determine the fluid amount consumed and urination frequency. Urine concentration was assessed in afternoon (days 2 and 5) and uropathogenic bacterial activity in first-morning (days 3 and 6) urinations. General linear models assessed differences in bacterial and hydration outcomes. Results: The intervention led to a 62% mean total fluid increase, INT 3.0 ± 1.1 L and CON 1.9 ± 0.9 L, p < 0.001, (Formula presented.) = 0.459. Urination frequency was greater and urine concentration less in the INT to CON, all ps < 0.05, (Formula presented.) range = 0.023–0.019. Only four cultures detected uropathogenic bacteria, with no patterns between conditions or days, making it difficult to determine the intervention's effectiveness. Conclusion: Fluid intake increased, and hydration status improved. No differences in uropathogenic bacterial activity were seen between the hydration and control conditions.
AB - Background: Females are prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to estrogen fluctuations affecting vaginal flora. While menstruating, increased fluid consumption to support urination frequency and void volume may be important, as the urethra and urinary tract are more predisposed to bacteria, particularly UTI pathogens. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of hydration on urinary tract health during menstruation among underhydrated premenopausal women. Methods: Thirteen females participated in a 60-day 2 × 2 randomized crossover trial to evaluate the effectiveness of consuming ≥2.2 L of total beverage fluid intake, with 1.9 L being water, (intervention, INT) and maintaining habitual fluid intake (control, CON) on two subsequent menses. Participants completed fluid and urination diaries at days 2 and 5 after the onset of bleeding (day 1) to determine the fluid amount consumed and urination frequency. Urine concentration was assessed in afternoon (days 2 and 5) and uropathogenic bacterial activity in first-morning (days 3 and 6) urinations. General linear models assessed differences in bacterial and hydration outcomes. Results: The intervention led to a 62% mean total fluid increase, INT 3.0 ± 1.1 L and CON 1.9 ± 0.9 L, p < 0.001, (Formula presented.) = 0.459. Urination frequency was greater and urine concentration less in the INT to CON, all ps < 0.05, (Formula presented.) range = 0.023–0.019. Only four cultures detected uropathogenic bacteria, with no patterns between conditions or days, making it difficult to determine the intervention's effectiveness. Conclusion: Fluid intake increased, and hydration status improved. No differences in uropathogenic bacterial activity were seen between the hydration and control conditions.
KW - cystitis
KW - fluid intake
KW - hydration
KW - menstruation
KW - prevention
KW - Urinary tract infection
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U2 - 10.1177/02601060221129159
DO - 10.1177/02601060221129159
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85139693612
SN - 0260-1060
JO - Nutrition and Health
JF - Nutrition and Health
ER -