@article{b0fde93a038e43288fc4b715bd49ae2c,
title = "Discovery of cryptotephra at Middle–Upper Paleolithic sites Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini, Italy: a new link for broader geographic correlations",
abstract = "Chemical characterization of cryptotephra is critical for temporally linking archaeological sites. Here, we describe cryptotephra investigations of two Middle–Upper Paleolithic sites from north-west Italy, Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini. Cryptotephra are present as small (<100 µm) rhyolitic glass shards at both sites, with geochemical signatures rare for volcanoes in the Mediterranean region. Two chemically distinct shard populations are present at Arma Veirana (P1 and P2). P1 is a high silica rhyolite (>75 wt.%) with low FeO (<1 wt.%) and a K2O/Na2O > 1 and P2 is also a high silica rhyolite (>75 wt.%) but with higher FeO (2.33–2.65 wt.%). Shards at Riparo Bombrini (P3) are of the same composition as P1 shards at Arma Veirana, providing a distinct link between deposits at both sites. Geochemical characteristics suggest three possible sources for P1 and P3: eruptions from Lipari Island (56–37.7 ka) in Italy, the Acig{\"o}l volcanic field (200–20 ka) in Turkey and the Miocene Kirka-Phrigian caldera (18 Ma) in Turkey. Eruptions from Lipari Island are the most likely source for P1,3 cryptotephra. This study highlights how cryptotephra can benefit archaeology, by providing a direct link between Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini as well as other deposits throughout the Mediterranean.",
keywords = "Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, cryptotephra, radiocarbon dating, tephrochronology",
author = "Hirniak, {Jayde N.} and Smith, {Eugene I.} and Racheal Johnsen and Minghua Ren and Jamie Hodgkins and Caley Orr and Fabio Negrino and Julien Riel-Salvatore and Shelby Fitch and Miller, {Christopher E.} and Andrea Zerboni and Mariani, {Guido S.} and Harris, {Jacob A.} and Claudine Gravel-Miguel and David Strait and Marco Peresani and Stefano Benazzi and Marean, {Curtis W.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research would not have been possible without the help of various researchers, funding organizations and students. We gratefully acknowledge Harangi Szabolcs from E{\"o}tv{\"o}s University for helpful guidance as well as Chris Campisano, Michael Barton, John Murray, B. Patrick Fahey and Andrew Zipkin from Arizona State University for helping improve this manuscript. Fieldwork at RB and AV is made possible by ongoing collaborations with and administrative support from the , the , and the Museo Preistorico Nazionale dei Balzi Rossi, and the priceless logistical support from the Istituto Internazionale di Studi Liguri. We also would like to acknowledge Daniella Gandolfi in Bordighera for the RB project as well as the ProLoco of Erli and the town of Cerisola for the AV project. We acknowledge funding from the following agencies and organizations: National Science Foundation (BCS‐1917173 and BCS‐1460366 to E.I.S. and BCS‐1917191 and BCS‐1460376 to C.W.M); Hyde Family Foundations; the Institute of Human Origins (IHO) at Arizona State University (ASU); the John Templeton Foundation to the IHO at ASU; the Office of Knowledge Enterprise Development, Graduate Professional and Student Association (GPSA), and the Graduate College at ASU; National Geographic (Waitt Program W391‐15); Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (#435‐2017‐1520 and #430‐2018‐00846); the H2020 European Research Council (n.724046 – SUCCESS); Fonds de Recherche du Qu{\'e}bec‐Soci{\'e}t{\'e} et Culture (2016‐NP‐193048); the Canada Foundation for Innovation (JFELS Grant #37754); the Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al; the Wenner‐Gren Foundation; the Leakey Foundation; CU Denver ORS, CRISP; Washington University in St. Louis; and the Cryptotephra Laboratory for Archaeological and Geological Research (CLAGR) at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of any of these funding organizations. All authors and co‐authors declare no conflict of interest. Soprintendenza Archaeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per lacitt{\`a} metropolitana di Genova e Le province di Imperia, La Spezia e Savona Polo Museale della Liguria Funding Information: This research would not have been possible without the help of various researchers, funding organizations and students. We gratefully acknowledge Harangi Szabolcs from E?tv?s University for helpful guidance as well as Chris Campisano, Michael Barton, John Murray, B. Patrick Fahey and Andrew Zipkin from Arizona State University for helping improve this manuscript. Fieldwork at RB and AV is made possible by ongoing collaborations with and administrative support from the Soprintendenza Archaeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per lacitt? metropolitana di Genova e Le province di Imperia, La Spezia e Savona, the Polo Museale della Liguria, and the Museo Preistorico Nazionale dei Balzi Rossi, and the priceless logistical support from the Istituto Internazionale di Studi Liguri. We also would like to acknowledge Daniella Gandolfi in Bordighera for the RB project as well as the ProLoco of Erli and the town of Cerisola for the AV project. We acknowledge funding from the following agencies and organizations: National Science Foundation (BCS-1917173 and BCS-1460366 to E.I.S. and BCS-1917191 and BCS-1460376?to C.W.M); Hyde Family Foundations; the Institute of Human Origins (IHO) at Arizona State University (ASU); the John Templeton Foundation to the IHO at ASU; the Office of Knowledge Enterprise Development, Graduate Professional and Student Association (GPSA), and the Graduate College at ASU; National Geographic (Waitt Program W391-15); Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (#435-2017-1520 and #430-2018-00846); the H2020 European Research Council (n.724046 ? SUCCESS); Fonds de Recherche du Qu?bec-Soci?t? et Culture (2016-NP-193048); the Canada Foundation for Innovation (JFELS Grant #37754); the Universit? de Montr?al; the Wenner-Gren Foundation; the Leakey Foundation; CU Denver ORS, CRISP; Washington University in St. Louis; and the Cryptotephra Laboratory for Archaeological and Geological Research (CLAGR) at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of any of these funding organizations. All authors and co-authors declare no conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
year = "2020",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/jqs.3158",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "35",
pages = "199--212",
journal = "Journal of Quaternary Science",
issn = "0267-8179",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
number = "1-2",
}