Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr                         0.2                         Ti                         0.8                         O                         3                          /SrTiO                         3                          heterostructures

Yi Zhang; Lin Xie; Jeongwoo Kim; Alex Stern; Hui Wang; Kui Zhang; Xingxu Yan; Linze Li; Henry Liu; Gejian Zhao; Hang Chi; Chaitanya Gadre; Qiyin Lin; Yichun Zhou; Ctirad Uher; Tingyong Chen; Ying Hao Chu; Jing Xia; Ruqian Wu; Xiaoqing Pan

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02914-9

Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr _0.2 Ti _0.8 O ₃ /SrTiO ₃ heterostructures

Yi Zhang, Lin Xie, Jeongwoo Kim, Alex Stern, Hui Wang, Kui Zhang, Xingxu Yan, Linze Li, Henry Liu, Gejian Zhao, Hang Chi, Chaitanya Gadre, Qiyin Lin, Yichun Zhou, Ctirad Uher, Tingyong Chen, Ying Hao Chu, Jing Xia, Ruqian Wu, Xiaoqing Pan

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Abstract

Emergent physical properties often arise at interfaces of complex oxide heterostructures due to the interplay between various degrees of freedom, especially those with polar discontinuities. It is desirable to explore if these structures may generate pure and controllable spin currents, which are needed to attain unmatched performance and energy efficiency in the next-generation spintronic devices. Here we report the emergence of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas (SP-2DEG) at the interface of two insulators, SrTiO ₃ and PbZr _0.2 Ti _0.8 O ₃ . This SP-2DEG is strongly localized at the interfacial Ti atoms, due to the interplay between Coulomb interaction and band bending, and can be tuned by the ferroelectric polarization. Our findings open a door for engineering ferroelectric/insulator interfaces to create tunable ferroic orders for magnetoelectric device applications and provide opportunities for designing multiferroic materials in heterostructures.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	685
Journal	Nature communications
Volume	9
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02914-9
State	Published - Dec 1 2018

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry(all)
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Physics and Astronomy(all)

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10.1038/s41467-018-02914-9

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Zhang, Y., Xie, L., Kim, J., Stern, A., Wang, H., Zhang, K., Yan, X., Li, L., Liu, H., Zhao, G., Chi, H., Gadre, C., Lin, Q., Zhou, Y., Uher, C., Chen, T., Chu, Y. H., Xia, J., Wu, R., & Pan, X. (2018). Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr _0.2 Ti _0.8 O ₃ /SrTiO ₃ heterostructures Nature communications, 9(1), Article 685. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02914-9

Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr _0.2 Ti _0.8 O ₃ /SrTiO ₃ heterostructures . / Zhang, Yi; Xie, Lin; Kim, Jeongwoo et al.
In: Nature communications, Vol. 9, No. 1, 685, 01.12.2018.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Zhang, Y, Xie, L, Kim, J, Stern, A, Wang, H, Zhang, K, Yan, X, Li, L, Liu, H, Zhao, G, Chi, H, Gadre, C, Lin, Q, Zhou, Y, Uher, C, Chen, T, Chu, YH, Xia, J, Wu, R & Pan, X 2018, ' Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr _0.2 Ti _0.8 O ₃ /SrTiO ₃ heterostructures ', Nature communications, vol. 9, no. 1, 685. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02914-9

Zhang Y, Xie L, Kim J, Stern A, Wang H, Zhang K et al. Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr _0.2 Ti _0.8 O ₃ /SrTiO ₃ heterostructures Nature communications. 2018 Dec 1;9(1):685. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02914-9

Zhang, Yi ; Xie, Lin ; Kim, Jeongwoo et al. / Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr _0.2 Ti _0.8 O ₃ /SrTiO ₃ heterostructures In: Nature communications. 2018 ; Vol. 9, No. 1.

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title = " Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 /SrTiO 3 heterostructures ",

abstract = " Emergent physical properties often arise at interfaces of complex oxide heterostructures due to the interplay between various degrees of freedom, especially those with polar discontinuities. It is desirable to explore if these structures may generate pure and controllable spin currents, which are needed to attain unmatched performance and energy efficiency in the next-generation spintronic devices. Here we report the emergence of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas (SP-2DEG) at the interface of two insulators, SrTiO 3 and PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 . This SP-2DEG is strongly localized at the interfacial Ti atoms, due to the interplay between Coulomb interaction and band bending, and can be tuned by the ferroelectric polarization. Our findings open a door for engineering ferroelectric/insulator interfaces to create tunable ferroic orders for magnetoelectric device applications and provide opportunities for designing multiferroic materials in heterostructures.",

author = "Yi Zhang and Lin Xie and Jeongwoo Kim and Alex Stern and Hui Wang and Kui Zhang and Xingxu Yan and Linze Li and Henry Liu and Gejian Zhao and Hang Chi and Chaitanya Gadre and Qiyin Lin and Yichun Zhou and Ctirad Uher and Tingyong Chen and Chu, {Ying Hao} and Jing Xia and Ruqian Wu and Xiaoqing Pan",

note = "Funding Information: The work was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under grant DESC0014430. STEM and EELS work conducted at Nanjing University was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under grant No. 2015CB654901 and National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 51302132 and No.11032010. Electrical transport measurements were supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant numbers DMR-1420620 and DMR- 1506535. The Sagnac MOKE Imaging was supported by NSF grant DMR-1350122. ARS measurements were supported as part of SHINES, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the DOE under Award SC0012670. Theoretical work was supported by DOE (grant No: DE-FG02-05ER46237). Calculations were performed on parallel computers at NERSC. Funding Information: The work was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under grant DESC0014430. STEM and EELS work conducted at Nanjing University was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under grant No. 2015CB654901 and National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 51302132 and No.11032010. Electrical transport measurements were supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant numbers DMR-1420620 and DMR-1506535. The Sagnac MOKE Imaging was supported by NSF grant DMR-1350122. ARS measurements were supported as part of SHINES, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the DOE under Award SC0012670. Theoretical work was supported by DOE (grant No: DE-FG02-05ER46237). Calculations were performed on parallel computers at NERSC. The TEM, XRD, and XPS works were performed at the UC Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI). We thank Dianxiang Ji from Nanjing University for assistance with the magnetoresistance measurements and Dr. Zhan Zhang from Argonne National Lab for useful discussion of XRD. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s).",

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doi = "10.1038/s41467-018-02914-9",

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T1 - Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 /SrTiO 3 heterostructures

AU - Zhang, Yi

AU - Xie, Lin

AU - Kim, Jeongwoo

AU - Stern, Alex

AU - Wang, Hui

AU - Zhang, Kui

AU - Yan, Xingxu

AU - Li, Linze

AU - Liu, Henry

AU - Zhao, Gejian

AU - Chi, Hang

AU - Gadre, Chaitanya

AU - Lin, Qiyin

AU - Zhou, Yichun

AU - Uher, Ctirad

AU - Chen, Tingyong

AU - Chu, Ying Hao

AU - Xia, Jing

AU - Wu, Ruqian

AU - Pan, Xiaoqing

N1 - Funding Information: The work was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under grant DESC0014430. STEM and EELS work conducted at Nanjing University was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under grant No. 2015CB654901 and National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 51302132 and No.11032010. Electrical transport measurements were supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant numbers DMR-1420620 and DMR- 1506535. The Sagnac MOKE Imaging was supported by NSF grant DMR-1350122. ARS measurements were supported as part of SHINES, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the DOE under Award SC0012670. Theoretical work was supported by DOE (grant No: DE-FG02-05ER46237). Calculations were performed on parallel computers at NERSC. Funding Information: The work was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under grant DESC0014430. STEM and EELS work conducted at Nanjing University was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under grant No. 2015CB654901 and National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 51302132 and No.11032010. Electrical transport measurements were supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant numbers DMR-1420620 and DMR-1506535. The Sagnac MOKE Imaging was supported by NSF grant DMR-1350122. ARS measurements were supported as part of SHINES, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the DOE under Award SC0012670. Theoretical work was supported by DOE (grant No: DE-FG02-05ER46237). Calculations were performed on parallel computers at NERSC. The TEM, XRD, and XPS works were performed at the UC Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI). We thank Dianxiang Ji from Nanjing University for assistance with the magnetoresistance measurements and Dr. Zhan Zhang from Argonne National Lab for useful discussion of XRD. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s).

PY - 2018/12/1

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N2 - Emergent physical properties often arise at interfaces of complex oxide heterostructures due to the interplay between various degrees of freedom, especially those with polar discontinuities. It is desirable to explore if these structures may generate pure and controllable spin currents, which are needed to attain unmatched performance and energy efficiency in the next-generation spintronic devices. Here we report the emergence of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas (SP-2DEG) at the interface of two insulators, SrTiO 3 and PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 . This SP-2DEG is strongly localized at the interfacial Ti atoms, due to the interplay between Coulomb interaction and band bending, and can be tuned by the ferroelectric polarization. Our findings open a door for engineering ferroelectric/insulator interfaces to create tunable ferroic orders for magnetoelectric device applications and provide opportunities for designing multiferroic materials in heterostructures.

AB - Emergent physical properties often arise at interfaces of complex oxide heterostructures due to the interplay between various degrees of freedom, especially those with polar discontinuities. It is desirable to explore if these structures may generate pure and controllable spin currents, which are needed to attain unmatched performance and energy efficiency in the next-generation spintronic devices. Here we report the emergence of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas (SP-2DEG) at the interface of two insulators, SrTiO 3 and PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 . This SP-2DEG is strongly localized at the interfacial Ti atoms, due to the interplay between Coulomb interaction and band bending, and can be tuned by the ferroelectric polarization. Our findings open a door for engineering ferroelectric/insulator interfaces to create tunable ferroic orders for magnetoelectric device applications and provide opportunities for designing multiferroic materials in heterostructures.

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Discovery of a magnetic conductive interface in PbZr _0.2 Ti _0.8 O ₃ /SrTiO ₃ heterostructures

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