TY - JOUR
T1 - Design Methodology for Sievenpiper High-Impedance Surfaces
T2 - An Artificial Magnetic Conductor for Positive Gain Electrically Small Antennas
AU - Clavijo, Sergio
AU - Diaz, Rodolfo
AU - McKinzie, William E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received October 3, 2002; revised May 23, 2003. The work presented here is a continuation of the work performed with Titan Aerospace in their ARCHES program, managed by V. Sanchez, sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under Contract F19628–99-C-0080, managed by AFRL/SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA. RECAP agents: J. Turtle and L. Poles.
PY - 2003/10
Y1 - 2003/10
N2 - The Sievenpiper high-impedance surface is a periodic structure characterized by a substrate filled with an array of vertical vias, capped by a capacitive frequency selective surface (FSS). It functions as the ideal antenna groundplane for wireless applications because it simultaneously enhances the gain of the antenna as it suppresses the surface waves associated with it (thus reducing the undesired back-lobe and the reactive coupling to nearby circuits). These two properties are known to occur approximately over the frequency bandwidth where the phase of the reflection coefficient of the surface changes from +90° to -90°. Since this behavior takes place at frequencies where the unit cell of the structure is small compared to the wavelength, it can be modeled in terms of a layered homogeneous material where each layer has an anisotropic magneto-dielectric tensor. These tensors, readily derived using an effective medium model, can be designed to obtain independent control of the bandwidths of gain increase and surface wave suppression. Based on a transverse resonance model of the effective medium material model, it is shown that Sievenpiper high-impedance surfaces exist that can suppress TE surface waves alone or TM surface waves alone, or both TE and TM surface waves at the same time. Maximum TM surface wave suppression bandwidth is obtained when the distance between the vias in the via array is as close as possible to λ/2. Maximum TE bandwidth is obtained when the conductors of the capacitive FSS offer maximum blockage to the normal magnetic field of the wave. A reduction of the transverse resonance solution to nearly closed form is used to obtain a simple picture of the design space available when the desired operating frequency is fixed.
AB - The Sievenpiper high-impedance surface is a periodic structure characterized by a substrate filled with an array of vertical vias, capped by a capacitive frequency selective surface (FSS). It functions as the ideal antenna groundplane for wireless applications because it simultaneously enhances the gain of the antenna as it suppresses the surface waves associated with it (thus reducing the undesired back-lobe and the reactive coupling to nearby circuits). These two properties are known to occur approximately over the frequency bandwidth where the phase of the reflection coefficient of the surface changes from +90° to -90°. Since this behavior takes place at frequencies where the unit cell of the structure is small compared to the wavelength, it can be modeled in terms of a layered homogeneous material where each layer has an anisotropic magneto-dielectric tensor. These tensors, readily derived using an effective medium model, can be designed to obtain independent control of the bandwidths of gain increase and surface wave suppression. Based on a transverse resonance model of the effective medium material model, it is shown that Sievenpiper high-impedance surfaces exist that can suppress TE surface waves alone or TM surface waves alone, or both TE and TM surface waves at the same time. Maximum TM surface wave suppression bandwidth is obtained when the distance between the vias in the via array is as close as possible to λ/2. Maximum TE bandwidth is obtained when the conductors of the capacitive FSS offer maximum blockage to the normal magnetic field of the wave. A reduction of the transverse resonance solution to nearly closed form is used to obtain a simple picture of the design space available when the desired operating frequency is fixed.
KW - Antennas
KW - Artificial magnetic conductors
KW - Electromagnetic bandgap
KW - Metamaterials
KW - Surface waves
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U2 - 10.1109/TAP.2003.817575
DO - 10.1109/TAP.2003.817575
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:10744230780
SN - 0018-926X
VL - 51
SP - 2678
EP - 2690
JO - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
JF - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
IS - 10 I
ER -