Delta-sigma (ΔΣ) frequency synthesizers for wireless applications

Bertan Bakkaloglu; Sayfe Kiaei; Bikram Chaudhuri

doi:10.1016/j.csi.2005.12.003

Delta-sigma (ΔΣ) frequency synthesizers for wireless applications

Bertan Bakkaloglu, Sayfe Kiaei, Bikram Chaudhuri

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This paper describes the state-of-the-art design approaches to delta-sigma (ΔΣ) frequency synthesizers for wireless transceiver applications. Various synthesizer architectures, including the integer and fractional-N synthesizers, and frequency-to-digital converters (FDC) based digital frequency synthesizers are described. Design specifications for several loop parameters such as noise shaper order in the feedback modulator, loop filter bandwidth, VCO phase noise are based on modulation accuracy and frequency resolution specifications. Advantages of digital loop filter based ΔΣ frequency synthesizers are analyzed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	19-30
Number of pages	12
Journal	Computer Standards and Interfaces
Volume	29
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2005.12.003
State	Published - Jan 1 2007

Keywords

Frequency synthesizers
Frequency-to-digital converters
RF transmitters
Sigma-delta modulation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Software
Hardware and Architecture
Law

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10.1016/j.csi.2005.12.003

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abstract = "This paper describes the state-of-the-art design approaches to delta-sigma (ΔΣ) frequency synthesizers for wireless transceiver applications. Various synthesizer architectures, including the integer and fractional-N synthesizers, and frequency-to-digital converters (FDC) based digital frequency synthesizers are described. Design specifications for several loop parameters such as noise shaper order in the feedback modulator, loop filter bandwidth, VCO phase noise are based on modulation accuracy and frequency resolution specifications. Advantages of digital loop filter based ΔΣ frequency synthesizers are analyzed.",

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AB - This paper describes the state-of-the-art design approaches to delta-sigma (ΔΣ) frequency synthesizers for wireless transceiver applications. Various synthesizer architectures, including the integer and fractional-N synthesizers, and frequency-to-digital converters (FDC) based digital frequency synthesizers are described. Design specifications for several loop parameters such as noise shaper order in the feedback modulator, loop filter bandwidth, VCO phase noise are based on modulation accuracy and frequency resolution specifications. Advantages of digital loop filter based ΔΣ frequency synthesizers are analyzed.

KW - Frequency synthesizers

KW - Frequency-to-digital converters

KW - RF transmitters

KW - Sigma-delta modulation

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Delta-sigma (ΔΣ) frequency synthesizers for wireless applications

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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