@article{96e656cc284e497c8be51d6d192582b9,
title = "Culture and personality revisited: Behavioral profiles and within-person stability in interdependent (vs. independent) social orientation and holistic (vs. analytic) cognitive style",
abstract = "Objective: We test the proposition that both social orientation and cognitive style are constructs consisting of loosely related attributes. Thus, measures of each construct should weakly correlate among themselves, forming intraindividually stable profiles across measures over time. Method: Study 1 tested diverse samples of Americans (N = 233) and Japanese (N = 433) with a wide range of measures of social orientation and cognitive style to explore correlations among these measures in a cross-cultural context, using demographically heterogeneous samples. Study 2 recruited a new sample of 485 Americans and Canadians and examined their profiles on measures of social orientation and cognitive style twice, one month apart, to assess the stability of individual profiles using these variables. Results: Despite finding typical cross-cultural differences, Study 1 demonstrated negligible correlations both among measures of social orientation and among measures of cognitive style. Study 2 demonstrated stable intraindividual behavioral profiles across measures capturing idiosyncratic patters of social orientation and cognitive style, despite negligible correlations among the same measures. Conclusion: The results provide support for the behavioral profile approach to conceptualizing social orientation and cognitive style, highlighting the need to assess intraindividual stability of psychological constructs in cross-cultural research.",
keywords = "cognitive style, cultural differences, individual differences, social orientation",
author = "Jinkyung Na and Igor Grossmann and Varnum, {Michael E.W.} and Mayumi Karasawa and Youngwon Cho and Shinobu Kitayama and Nisbett, {Richard E.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Sonia Vintan for help with coding statements in Study 2 and William Chopik and Jochen Gebauer for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this article: Preparation of this manuscript was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada grants (grant # 435-2014-0685), as well as the Templeton Pathway to Character Project, and the Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science (Early Researcher Award) to Igor Grossmann & National Institute on Aging Grant 5RO129509-02, and National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant 2007: BCS 0717982 to Richard E. Nisbett and Shinobu Kitayama. Funding Information: We thank Sonia Vintan for help with coding statements in Study 2 and William Chopik and Jochen Gebauer for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this article: Preparation of this manuscript was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada grants (grant # 435‐2014‐0685), as well as the Templeton Pathway to Character Project, and the Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science (Early Researcher Award) to Igor Grossmann & National Institute on Aging Grant 5RO129509‐02, and National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant 2007: BCS 0717982 to Richard E. Nisbett and Shinobu Kitayama. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/jopy.12536",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "88",
pages = "908--924",
journal = "Journal of personality",
issn = "0022-3506",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "5",
}