@article{566a699436374367bf6469653f8b4c6e,
title = "Community-level fishery measures and individual fishers: Comparing primary and secondary data for the U.S. West Coast",
abstract = "Using a coast-wide survey of West Coast fishing vessel owners, we examine ties between community-level measures and individual resident fishers' responses about their dependence on fishing and their fishery-related social capital and identity. We find higher levels of fishing social capital and identity in communities with high fishing reliance, meaning higher levels of fishing activity per capita, but not in communities with high levels of fishing engagement, which measures fishing without regard to population. We also find that responses to questions aimed at measuring social capital, including familial connections to fishing, were associated with higher fishing reliance in fishers{\textquoteright} communities of residence. Higher social vulnerability measures for the community are correlated with higher measures of fishery-related social capital, as well as higher individual reliance on fishing income. Community median household incomes are also correlated with higher reported incomes for fishers. Lastly, fishers from communities with high fishery reliance and engagement measures tend to generate a lower proportion of their income from non-fishery sources and a greater percent of their income from fishing. We find evidence to support some community-level measures as representative of the socioeconomic realities and ties to fishing among resident fishers.",
keywords = "Community identity, Fishing communities, Human dimensions, Marine ecosystems, Social capital, Social vulnerability",
author = "Karma Norman and Daniel Holland and Joshua Abbott and Amanda Phillips",
note = "Funding Information: As we construct the indices, each community then obtains a factor score for each index, so that each community receives its own “Poverty” or “Fishing Reliance” measure, allowing for the comparison of each community relative to others (see Table 1). Extracting these data for multiple years, and applying factor analyses to each year, allows fisheries managers and others to track the changes in these indices over time. All told, when factor loading results were generated for 2016 and applied to West Coast communities, the method resulted in two indices related to commercial fishing reliance and engagement, and six indices related to community social vulnerability (Table 1). In terms of both the ACS and fisheries data collections that support these indices and the index measures themselves, the aim is to etically describe community characteristics and not to reflect respondent perceptions of community.The research upon which this paper is based was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant number 1616821) and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and approved under OMB/PRA control #: 0648–0749. Funding sources were not involved in the study design, analysis, or writing of this paper or the decision to submit the article for publication. Opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this paper are solely those of authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of NOAA Fisheries. We wish to thank Nancy Hardwick and Camille Kohler for their support of this project. Funding Information: The research upon which this paper is based was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant number 1616821 ) and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), and approved under OMB/PRA control #: 0648–0749 . Funding sources were not involved in the study design, analysis, or writing of this paper or the decision to submit the article for publication. Opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this paper are solely those of authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of NOAA Fisheries. We wish to thank Nancy Hardwick and Camille Kohler for their support of this project. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",
year = "2022",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106191",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "224",
journal = "Ocean and Coastal Management",
issn = "0964-5691",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}