@article{c0a36435a3cf46f1b9587796c0967664,
title = "Characterization of electrical properties in axial Si-Ge nanowire heterojunctions using off-axis electron holography and atom-probe tomography",
abstract = "Nanowires (NWs) consisting of P-doped Si/B-doped Ge axial heterojunctions were grown via vapor-liquid-solid synthesis using a combination of Au and AuGa catalyst particles. Off-axis electron holography (EH) was used to measure the electrostatic potential profile across the junction resulting from electrically active dopants, and atom-probe tomography (APT) was used to map total dopant concentration profiles. A comparison of the electrostatic potential profile measured from EH with simulations that were based on the APT results indicates that Ga atoms unintentionally introduced during AuGa catalyst growth were mostly electronically inactive. This finding was also corroborated by in situ electron-holography biasing experiments. Electronic band structure simulations guided by the experimental results helped to provide a much better explanation of the NW electrical behavior. Overall, this work demonstrates that the combination of EH, APT, in situ biasing, and simulations allows a more complete understanding of NW electrical properties to be developed.",
author = "Zhaofeng Gan and Perea, {Daniel E.} and Jinkyoung Yoo and Yang He and Colby, {Robert J.} and Barker, {Josh E.} and Meng Gu and Mao, {Scott X.} and Chongmin Wang and Picraux, {S. T.} and David Smith and Martha McCartney",
note = "Funding Information: Nanowires used in this study were grown using the facilities and support of CINT, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility, and was funded in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LANL, an affirmative action equal opportunity employer operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. The atom probe tomography and a portion of the electron holography studies were supported by and performed at EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. C.M.W. and M.G. were supported by the Chemical Imaging Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), which was under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at PNNL. S.X.M. acknowledges support from NSF Grant CMMI 1536811 through the University of Pittsburgh. J.E.B. was supported by the DOE Community College Internship program. A portion of the electron holography studies at ASU have been supported by DoE Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46168. We gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities within the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at ASU. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Author(s).",
year = "2016",
month = sep,
day = "14",
doi = "10.1063/1.4962380",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "120",
journal = "Journal of Applied Physics",
issn = "0021-8979",
publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",
number = "10",
}