Autoantibodies, antigen-autoantibody complexes and antigens complement CA125 for early detection of ovarian cancer

Chae Young Han, Jacob S. Bedia, Wei Lei Yang, Sarah J. Hawley, Lindsay Bergan, Marika Hopper, Joseph Celestino, Jing Guo, Terrie G. Gornet, Antoninus Soosaipillai, Hailing Yang, Samantha D. Doskocil, Anna E. Lokshin, Beverly C. Handy, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Richard G. Moore, Karen H. Lu, Zhen Lu, Karen S. Anderson, Charles W. DrescherSteven J. Skates, Robert C. Bast

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: Multiple antigens, autoantibodies (AAb), and antigen-autoantibody (Ag-AAb) complexes were compared for their ability to complement CA125 for early detection of ovarian cancer. Methods: Twenty six biomarkers were measured in a single panel of sera from women with early stage (I-II) ovarian cancers (n = 64), late stage (III-IV) ovarian cancers (186), benign pelvic masses (200) and from healthy controls (502), and then split randomly (50:50) into a training set to identify the most promising classifier and a validation set to compare its performance to CA125 alone. Results: Eight biomarkers detected ≥ 8% of early stage cases at 98% specificity. A four-biomarker panel including CA125, HE4, HE4 Ag-AAb and osteopontin detected 75% of early stage cancers in the validation set from among healthy controls compared to 62% with CA125 alone (p = 0.003) at 98% specificity. The same panel increased sensitivity for distinguishing early-stage ovarian cancers from benign pelvic masses by 25% (p = 0.0004) at 95% specificity. From 21 autoantibody candidates, 3 AAb (anti-p53, anti-CTAG1 and annt-Il-8) detected 22% of early stage ovarian cancers, potentially lengthening lead time prior to diagnosis. Conclusion: A four biomarker panel achieved greater sensitivity at the same specificity for early detection of ovarian cancer than CA125 alone.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)861-868
Number of pages8
JournalBritish Journal of Cancer
Volume130
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 23 2024
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

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