Attacks only get better: How to break FF3 on large domains

Viet Tung Hoang; David Miller; Ni Trieu

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17656-3_4

Attacks only get better: How to break FF3 on large domains

Viet Tung Hoang, David Miller, Ni Trieu

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

We improve the attack of Durak and Vaudenay (CRYPTO’17) on NIST Format-Preserving Encryption standard FF3, reducing the running time from O(N⁵) to O(N^{17 / 6}) for domain Z_N× Z_N. Concretely, DV’s attack needs about 2 ⁵⁰ operations to recover encrypted 6-digit PINs, whereas ours only spends about 2 ³⁰ operations. In realizing this goal, we provide a pedagogical example of how to use distinguishing attacks to speed up slide attacks. In addition, we improve the running time of DV’s known-plaintext attack on 4-round Feistel of domain Z_N× Z_N from O(N³) time to just O(N^{5 / 3}) time. We also generalize our attacks to a general domain Z_M× Z_N, allowing one to recover encrypted SSNs using about 2 ⁵⁰ operations. Finally, we provide some proof-of-concept implementations to empirically validate our results.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2019 - 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Proceedings
Editors	Vincent Rijmen, Yuval Ishai
Publisher	Springer Verlag
Pages	85-116
Number of pages	32
ISBN (Print)	9783030176556
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17656-3_4
State	Published - 2019
Externally published	Yes
Event	38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Eurocrypt 2019 - Darmstadt, Germany Duration: May 19 2019 → May 23 2019

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume	11477 LNCS
ISSN (Print)	0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)	1611-3349

Conference

Conference	38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Eurocrypt 2019
Country/Territory	Germany
City	Darmstadt
Period	5/19/19 → 5/23/19

Keywords

Attacks
Format-Preserving Encryption

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Theoretical Computer Science
Computer Science(all)

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-17656-3_4

Cite this

Hoang, V. T., Miller, D., & Trieu, N. (2019). Attacks only get better: How to break FF3 on large domains. In V. Rijmen, & Y. Ishai (Eds.), Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2019 - 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Proceedings (pp. 85-116). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 11477 LNCS). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17656-3_4

Attacks only get better: How to break FF3 on large domains. / Hoang, Viet Tung; Miller, David; Trieu, Ni.
Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2019 - 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Proceedings. ed. / Vincent Rijmen; Yuval Ishai. Springer Verlag, 2019. p. 85-116 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 11477 LNCS).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Hoang, VT, Miller, D & Trieu, N 2019, Attacks only get better: How to break FF3 on large domains. in V Rijmen & Y Ishai (eds), Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2019 - 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 11477 LNCS, Springer Verlag, pp. 85-116, 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Eurocrypt 2019, Darmstadt, Germany, 5/19/19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17656-3_4

Hoang VT, Miller D, Trieu N. Attacks only get better: How to break FF3 on large domains. In Rijmen V, Ishai Y, editors, Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2019 - 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Proceedings. Springer Verlag. 2019. p. 85-116. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)). doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-17656-3_4

Hoang, Viet Tung ; Miller, David ; Trieu, Ni. / Attacks only get better : How to break FF3 on large domains. Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2019 - 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Proceedings. editor / Vincent Rijmen ; Yuval Ishai. Springer Verlag, 2019. pp. 85-116 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)).

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abstract = "We improve the attack of Durak and Vaudenay (CRYPTO{\textquoteright}17) on NIST Format-Preserving Encryption standard FF3, reducing the running time from O(N5) to O(N17 / 6) for domain ZN× ZN. Concretely, DV{\textquoteright}s attack needs about 2 50 operations to recover encrypted 6-digit PINs, whereas ours only spends about 2 30 operations. In realizing this goal, we provide a pedagogical example of how to use distinguishing attacks to speed up slide attacks. In addition, we improve the running time of DV{\textquoteright}s known-plaintext attack on 4-round Feistel of domain ZN× ZN from O(N3) time to just O(N5 / 3) time. We also generalize our attacks to a general domain ZM× ZN, allowing one to recover encrypted SSNs using about 2 50 operations. Finally, we provide some proof-of-concept implementations to empirically validate our results.",

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note = "Funding Information: We thank anonymous reviewers of EUROCRYPT 2019 for insightful feedback. Viet Tung Hoang was supported by NSF grants CICI-1738912 and CRII-1755539. Ni Trieu was supported by NSF award #1617197. Funding Information: Acknowledgments. We thank anonymous reviewers of EUROCRYPT 2019 for insightful feedback. Viet Tung Hoang was supported by NSF grants CICI-1738912 and CRII-1755539. Ni Trieu was supported by NSF award #1617197. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} International Association for Cryptologic Research 2019.; 38th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Eurocrypt 2019 ; Conference date: 19-05-2019 Through 23-05-2019",

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N2 - We improve the attack of Durak and Vaudenay (CRYPTO’17) on NIST Format-Preserving Encryption standard FF3, reducing the running time from O(N5) to O(N17 / 6) for domain ZN× ZN. Concretely, DV’s attack needs about 2 50 operations to recover encrypted 6-digit PINs, whereas ours only spends about 2 30 operations. In realizing this goal, we provide a pedagogical example of how to use distinguishing attacks to speed up slide attacks. In addition, we improve the running time of DV’s known-plaintext attack on 4-round Feistel of domain ZN× ZN from O(N3) time to just O(N5 / 3) time. We also generalize our attacks to a general domain ZM× ZN, allowing one to recover encrypted SSNs using about 2 50 operations. Finally, we provide some proof-of-concept implementations to empirically validate our results.

AB - We improve the attack of Durak and Vaudenay (CRYPTO’17) on NIST Format-Preserving Encryption standard FF3, reducing the running time from O(N5) to O(N17 / 6) for domain ZN× ZN. Concretely, DV’s attack needs about 2 50 operations to recover encrypted 6-digit PINs, whereas ours only spends about 2 30 operations. In realizing this goal, we provide a pedagogical example of how to use distinguishing attacks to speed up slide attacks. In addition, we improve the running time of DV’s known-plaintext attack on 4-round Feistel of domain ZN× ZN from O(N3) time to just O(N5 / 3) time. We also generalize our attacks to a general domain ZM× ZN, allowing one to recover encrypted SSNs using about 2 50 operations. Finally, we provide some proof-of-concept implementations to empirically validate our results.

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Attacks only get better: How to break FF3 on large domains

Abstract

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Conference

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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