TY - JOUR
T1 - An Ion Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Chromate, Arsenate, Selenate, Perchlorate, and Other Inorganic Anions in Environmental Media
AU - Mohana Rangan, Srivatsan
AU - Krajmalnik-Brown, Rosa
AU - Delgado, Anca G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Srivatsan Mohana Rangan et al. 2021; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2021.
PY - 2021/7/1
Y1 - 2021/7/1
N2 - Chromium (Cr) (VI) is a toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic water pollutant. The standard ion chromatography (IC) method for quantification of Cr (VI) in water samples is Environmental Protection Agency Method 218.7, which requires postcolumn derivatization with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide and UV-Vis spectroscopy detection. Method 218.7 is Cr (VI) specific; thus, it does not allow detection of co-occurring natural and anthropogenic anions in environmental media. In this study, we developed an isocratic IC method with suppressed conductivity detection, a Metrohm Metrosep A Supp 7 column, and sodium carbonate/acetonitrile as mobile phase for simultaneous quantification of Cr (VI), ClO4-, As (V) as arsenate, Se (VI) as selenate, and the common anions F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42-. The determination coefficient for every analyte was >0.99 and the method showed good accuracy in quantification. Cr (VI), As (V), Se (VI), and ClO4- limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.1-0.6 μg/L and 0.5-2.1 μg/L, respectively. Recovery of Cr (VI) in various aqueous samples (tap water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater) was between 97.2% and 102.8%. Overall, most analytes showed acceptable recovery (80-120%) in the environmental samples tested. The IC method was applied to track Cr (VI) and other anion concentrations in laboratory batch microcosms experiments with soil, surface water, and anaerobic medium. The IC method developed in this study should prove useful to environmental practitioners, academic and research organizations, and industries for monitoring low concentrations of multiple anions in environmental media, helping to decrease the sample requirement, time, and cost of analysis.
AB - Chromium (Cr) (VI) is a toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic water pollutant. The standard ion chromatography (IC) method for quantification of Cr (VI) in water samples is Environmental Protection Agency Method 218.7, which requires postcolumn derivatization with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide and UV-Vis spectroscopy detection. Method 218.7 is Cr (VI) specific; thus, it does not allow detection of co-occurring natural and anthropogenic anions in environmental media. In this study, we developed an isocratic IC method with suppressed conductivity detection, a Metrohm Metrosep A Supp 7 column, and sodium carbonate/acetonitrile as mobile phase for simultaneous quantification of Cr (VI), ClO4-, As (V) as arsenate, Se (VI) as selenate, and the common anions F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42-. The determination coefficient for every analyte was >0.99 and the method showed good accuracy in quantification. Cr (VI), As (V), Se (VI), and ClO4- limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.1-0.6 μg/L and 0.5-2.1 μg/L, respectively. Recovery of Cr (VI) in various aqueous samples (tap water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater) was between 97.2% and 102.8%. Overall, most analytes showed acceptable recovery (80-120%) in the environmental samples tested. The IC method was applied to track Cr (VI) and other anion concentrations in laboratory batch microcosms experiments with soil, surface water, and anaerobic medium. The IC method developed in this study should prove useful to environmental practitioners, academic and research organizations, and industries for monitoring low concentrations of multiple anions in environmental media, helping to decrease the sample requirement, time, and cost of analysis.
KW - Cr (VI)
KW - arsenate
KW - chromate
KW - ion chromatography
KW - perchlorate
KW - selenate
KW - suppressed conductivity
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U2 - 10.1089/ees.2020.0347
DO - 10.1089/ees.2020.0347
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85111576851
SN - 1092-8758
VL - 38
SP - 626
EP - 634
JO - Environmental Engineering Science
JF - Environmental Engineering Science
IS - 7
ER -