TY - JOUR
T1 - An ecological risk assessment of pesticides and fish kills in the Sixaola watershed, Costa Rica
AU - Polidoro, Beth
AU - Morra, Matthew J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2016/3/1
Y1 - 2016/3/1
N2 - Along the southeastern coast of Costa Rica, a variety of pesticides are intensively applied to produce export-quality plantains and bananas. In this region, and in other agricultural areas, fish kills are often documented by local residents and/or in the national news. This study examines principal exposure pathways, measured environmental concentrations, and selected toxicity thresholds of the three most prevalent pesticides (chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and difenoconazole) to construct a deterministic risk assessment for fish mortality. Comparisons of observed pesticide concentrations, along with estimated biological effects and observations during actual fish kills, highlight gaps in knowledge in correlating pesticide environmental concentration and toxicity in tropical environments. Observations of fish kill events and measured pesticide concentrations in the field, along with other water quality indicators, suggest that a number of environmental conditions can interact to cause fish mortality and that current species toxicity datasets may not be applicable for estimating toxicological or other synergistic effects, especially in tropical environments.
AB - Along the southeastern coast of Costa Rica, a variety of pesticides are intensively applied to produce export-quality plantains and bananas. In this region, and in other agricultural areas, fish kills are often documented by local residents and/or in the national news. This study examines principal exposure pathways, measured environmental concentrations, and selected toxicity thresholds of the three most prevalent pesticides (chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and difenoconazole) to construct a deterministic risk assessment for fish mortality. Comparisons of observed pesticide concentrations, along with estimated biological effects and observations during actual fish kills, highlight gaps in knowledge in correlating pesticide environmental concentration and toxicity in tropical environments. Observations of fish kill events and measured pesticide concentrations in the field, along with other water quality indicators, suggest that a number of environmental conditions can interact to cause fish mortality and that current species toxicity datasets may not be applicable for estimating toxicological or other synergistic effects, especially in tropical environments.
KW - Bananas
KW - Chlorpyrifos
KW - Hazard quotient
KW - Latin America
KW - Toxicology
KW - Water quality
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84962074623&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84962074623&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-016-6144-0
DO - 10.1007/s11356-016-6144-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 26832877
AN - SCOPUS:84962074623
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 23
SP - 5983
EP - 5991
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 6
ER -