TY - JOUR
T1 - Acid-Catalyzed Decomposition of 1-Alkyltriazolines
T2 - A Mechanistic Study
AU - Smith, Richard H.
AU - Wladkowski, Brian D.
AU - Taylor, Jesse E.
AU - Thompson, Erin J.
AU - Pruski, Brunon
AU - Klose, John R.
AU - Andrews, A. W.
AU - Michejda, Christopher J.
PY - 1993/1/1
Y1 - 1993/1/1
N2 - 1-Alkyltriazolines are five-membered cyclic triazenes containing the unusual Z-configuration for the triazene moiety. The hydrolytic decomposition of these compounds in aqueous or mixed acetonitrileaqueous buffers leads predominantly to the formation of the corresponding 1-alkylaziridines and lesser amounts of 2-(alkylamino)ethanols, alkylamines, and acetaldehyde. The latter two products presumably result from hydrolysis of a rearrangement product, N-ethylidenealkylamine. Neither the nature of the 1-alkyl group nor the pH of the medium greatly influences the product distribution, although decomposition in purely aqueous buffers slightly reduces the aziridine yields. The rate of hydrolysis of 1-alkyltriazolines is about twice as fast as that of the analogous acyclic 1,3,3-trialkyltriazenes and varies in the order tert-butyl > isopropyl > ethyl > butyl > methyl > propyl > benzyl. The mechanism of the decomposition is specific acid-catalyzed (A1) involving rapid reversible protonation followed by rate-limiting formation of a 2-(alkylamino)ethyldiazonium ion. The slopes of the log κobs versus pH plots are near −1.0. The solvent deuterium isotope effect, kH2O/kD2O, is in all cases <1.0 and ranges from 0.58 for 1-methyltriazoline to 0.86 for 1-benzyltriazoline. The rate of decomposition shows no significant dependence on the concentration of the buffer acid. The proposed mechanism involves rate-limiting formation of a 2-(alkylamino)ethyldiazonium ion, which is then partitioned among several competing product formation pathways. 1-Alkyltriazolines are potent direct-acting mutagens in the alkylation-sensitive TA 1535 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. A clear, dose-dependent mutagenicity is observed. At the highest dose level, various 1-alkyltriazolines have activities roughly equivalent to that of the potent methylating agent, 1,3-dimethyltriazene. At low levels of substrate, 1-alkyltriazolines are significantly more active than 1,3-dimethyltriazene, with mutagenicity following the order benzyl > methyl > ethyl.
AB - 1-Alkyltriazolines are five-membered cyclic triazenes containing the unusual Z-configuration for the triazene moiety. The hydrolytic decomposition of these compounds in aqueous or mixed acetonitrileaqueous buffers leads predominantly to the formation of the corresponding 1-alkylaziridines and lesser amounts of 2-(alkylamino)ethanols, alkylamines, and acetaldehyde. The latter two products presumably result from hydrolysis of a rearrangement product, N-ethylidenealkylamine. Neither the nature of the 1-alkyl group nor the pH of the medium greatly influences the product distribution, although decomposition in purely aqueous buffers slightly reduces the aziridine yields. The rate of hydrolysis of 1-alkyltriazolines is about twice as fast as that of the analogous acyclic 1,3,3-trialkyltriazenes and varies in the order tert-butyl > isopropyl > ethyl > butyl > methyl > propyl > benzyl. The mechanism of the decomposition is specific acid-catalyzed (A1) involving rapid reversible protonation followed by rate-limiting formation of a 2-(alkylamino)ethyldiazonium ion. The slopes of the log κobs versus pH plots are near −1.0. The solvent deuterium isotope effect, kH2O/kD2O, is in all cases <1.0 and ranges from 0.58 for 1-methyltriazoline to 0.86 for 1-benzyltriazoline. The rate of decomposition shows no significant dependence on the concentration of the buffer acid. The proposed mechanism involves rate-limiting formation of a 2-(alkylamino)ethyldiazonium ion, which is then partitioned among several competing product formation pathways. 1-Alkyltriazolines are potent direct-acting mutagens in the alkylation-sensitive TA 1535 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. A clear, dose-dependent mutagenicity is observed. At the highest dose level, various 1-alkyltriazolines have activities roughly equivalent to that of the potent methylating agent, 1,3-dimethyltriazene. At low levels of substrate, 1-alkyltriazolines are significantly more active than 1,3-dimethyltriazene, with mutagenicity following the order benzyl > methyl > ethyl.
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U2 - 10.1021/jo00060a027
DO - 10.1021/jo00060a027
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0001113839
SN - 0022-3263
VL - 58
SP - 2097
EP - 2103
JO - Journal of Organic Chemistry
JF - Journal of Organic Chemistry
IS - 8
ER -