A structured jet explains the extreme GRB 221009A

Brendan O'Connor; Eleonora Troja; Geoffrey Ryan; Paz Beniamini; Hendrik van Eerten; Jonathan Granot; Simone Dichiara; Roberto Ricci; Vladimir Lipunov; James H. Gillanders; Ramandeep Gill; Michael Moss; Shreya Anand; Igor Andreoni; Rosa L. Becerra; David A.H. Buckley; Nathaniel R. Butler; Stephen B. Cenko; Aristarkh Chasovnikov; Joseph Durbak; Carlos Francile; Erica Hammerstein; Alexander J. van der Horst; Mansi M. Kasliwal; Chryssa Kouveliotou; Alexander S. Kutyrev; William H. Lee; Gokul P. Srinivasaragavan; Vladislav Topolev; Alan M. Watson; Yuhan Yang; Kirill Zhirkov

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi1405

A structured jet explains the extreme GRB 221009A

Brendan O'Connor, Eleonora Troja, Geoffrey Ryan, Paz Beniamini, Hendrik van Eerten, Jonathan Granot, Simone Dichiara, Roberto Ricci, Vladimir Lipunov, James H. Gillanders, Ramandeep Gill, Michael Moss, Shreya Anand, Igor Andreoni, Rosa L. Becerra, David A.H. Buckley, Nathaniel R. Butler, Stephen B. Cenko, Aristarkh Chasovnikov, Joseph DurbakCarlos Francile, Erica Hammerstein, Alexander J. van der Horst, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Alexander S. Kutyrev, William H. Lee, Gokul P. Srinivasaragavan, Vladislav Topolev, Alan M. Watson, Yuhan Yang, Kirill Zhirkov

Earth and Space Exploration, School of (SESE)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

25 Scopus citations

Abstract

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powerful cosmic explosions, signaling the death of massive stars. Among them, GRB 221009A is by far the brightest burst ever observed. Because of its enormous energy (Eiso ≈ 1055 erg) and proximity (z ≈ 0.15), GRB 221009A is an exceptionally rare event that pushes the limits of our theories. We present multiwavelength observations covering the first 3 months of its afterglow evolution. The x-ray brightness decays as a power law with slope ≈t-1.66, which is not consistent with standard predictions for jetted emission. We attribute this behavior to a shallow energy profile of the relativistic jet. A similar trend is observed in other energetic GRBs, suggesting that the most extreme explosions may be powered by structured jets launched by a common central engine.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	eadi1405
Journal	Science Advances
Volume	9
Issue number	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi1405
State	Published - Jun 2023

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O'Connor, B., Troja, E., Ryan, G., Beniamini, P., van Eerten, H., Granot, J., Dichiara, S., Ricci, R., Lipunov, V., Gillanders, J. H., Gill, R., Moss, M., Anand, S., Andreoni, I., Becerra, R. L., Buckley, D. A. H., Butler, N. R., Cenko, S. B., Chasovnikov, A., ... Zhirkov, K. (2023). A structured jet explains the extreme GRB 221009A. Science Advances, 9(23), Article eadi1405. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi1405

O'Connor, B, Troja, E, Ryan, G, Beniamini, P, van Eerten, H, Granot, J, Dichiara, S, Ricci, R, Lipunov, V, Gillanders, JH, Gill, R, Moss, M, Anand, S, Andreoni, I, Becerra, RL, Buckley, DAH, Butler, NR, Cenko, SB, Chasovnikov, A, Durbak, J, Francile, C, Hammerstein, E, van der Horst, AJ, Kasliwal, MM, Kouveliotou, C, Kutyrev, AS, Lee, WH, Srinivasaragavan, GP, Topolev, V, Watson, AM, Yang, Y & Zhirkov, K 2023, 'A structured jet explains the extreme GRB 221009A', Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 23, eadi1405. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi1405

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title = "A structured jet explains the extreme GRB 221009A",

abstract = "Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powerful cosmic explosions, signaling the death of massive stars. Among them, GRB 221009A is by far the brightest burst ever observed. Because of its enormous energy (Eiso ≈ 1055 erg) and proximity (z ≈ 0.15), GRB 221009A is an exceptionally rare event that pushes the limits of our theories. We present multiwavelength observations covering the first 3 months of its afterglow evolution. The x-ray brightness decays as a power law with slope ≈t-1.66, which is not consistent with standard predictions for jetted emission. We attribute this behavior to a shallow energy profile of the relativistic jet. A similar trend is observed in other energetic GRBs, suggesting that the most extreme explosions may be powered by structured jets launched by a common central engine.",

author = "Brendan O'Connor and Eleonora Troja and Geoffrey Ryan and Paz Beniamini and {van Eerten}, Hendrik and Jonathan Granot and Simone Dichiara and Roberto Ricci and Vladimir Lipunov and Gillanders, {James H.} and Ramandeep Gill and Michael Moss and Shreya Anand and Igor Andreoni and Becerra, {Rosa L.} and Buckley, {David A.H.} and Butler, {Nathaniel R.} and Cenko, {Stephen B.} and Aristarkh Chasovnikov and Joseph Durbak and Carlos Francile and Erica Hammerstein and {van der Horst}, {Alexander J.} and Kasliwal, {Mansi M.} and Chryssa Kouveliotou and Kutyrev, {Alexander S.} and Lee, {William H.} and Srinivasaragavan, {Gokul P.} and Vladislav Topolev and Watson, {Alan M.} and Yuhan Yang and Kirill Zhirkov",

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AU - Troja, Eleonora

AU - Ryan, Geoffrey

AU - Beniamini, Paz

AU - van Eerten, Hendrik

AU - Granot, Jonathan

AU - Dichiara, Simone

AU - Ricci, Roberto

AU - Lipunov, Vladimir

AU - Gillanders, James H.

AU - Gill, Ramandeep

AU - Moss, Michael

AU - Anand, Shreya

AU - Andreoni, Igor

AU - Becerra, Rosa L.

AU - Buckley, David A.H.

AU - Butler, Nathaniel R.

AU - Cenko, Stephen B.

AU - Chasovnikov, Aristarkh

AU - Durbak, Joseph

AU - Francile, Carlos

AU - Hammerstein, Erica

AU - van der Horst, Alexander J.

AU - Kasliwal, Mansi M.

AU - Kouveliotou, Chryssa

AU - Kutyrev, Alexander S.

AU - Lee, William H.

AU - Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P.

AU - Topolev, Vladislav

AU - Watson, Alan M.

AU - Yang, Yuhan

AU - Zhirkov, Kirill

PY - 2023/6

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A structured jet explains the extreme GRB 221009A

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