@article{4eeea6f93d4145a6bebaff3a924fa5df,
title = "A review of challenges, barriers, and opportunities for large-scale deployment of cool surfaces",
abstract = "Major urban centers are warming due to a combination of global and local phenomena. City governments are increasingly adopting strategies to mitigate the causes and impacts of extreme heat on their populations. Among these strategies are high solar-reflectance (cool) surfaces installed on building roofs and walls. Use of cool surfaces is a cost-effective and simple strategy that replaces conventional darker surfaces with surfaces that have a high reflectance to shortwave (solar) energy. This report reviews the recent history of cool-surface deployment efforts. This includes peer-reviewed literature, conference proceedings, and grey literature to identify challenges and barriers to wide-scale deployment of cool surfaces. We have also researched heat action plans and programs from cities and different codes and standards, as well as available incentive and rebate programs. The review identifies challenges, barriers, and opportunities associated with large-scale deployment of cool surfaces and categorizes them broadly as being related to product development & performance or policies & mandates. It provides a foundation upon which we intend to build a roadmap for rapidly accelerating future deployments of cool surfaces. This roadmap will address identified challenges and incorporate lessons learned from historical efforts to generate a practical and actionable plan.",
author = "Mansour Alhazmi and Sailor, {David J.} and Ronnen Levinson",
note = "Funding Information: Similarly 2011 the city of Delhi started developing the “Cool Roofs for Cool Delhi” design manual to discuss the various technical and design considerations for the installation of cool surfaces (Cool Roofs for Cool Delhi, 2022). In 2011, the cities of Indore and Surat in India were supported by the Rockefeller Foundation and a local research foundation, TARU Leading Edge, to conduct cost-benefit analyses of installing cool roofs for vulnerable populations (Cool roofs protecting local communities, 2017).Multiple congressional bills advocate the use of cool surfaces on buildings to mitigate urban heat island effects. This includes an effort led by U.S. Senator Ben Cardin (D-Md.) called the “Energy-Efficient Cool Roofs Act,” (S. 2388) introduced in 2014, this bill would have boosted job creation in the construction industry while improving building energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption (Cardin, 2014). Another bill, “The Excess Urban Heat Mitigation Act of 2022” (H.R. 7534), introduced by Representatives Gallego and Coleman in 2022 would create a competitive grant program through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to provide funding for eligible entities to combat the causes and mitigate the effects of excess urban heat. This act was referred to the House Committee on Financial Services in April 2022. The act would authorize $30M each year from FY23 to FY30 (Gallego and Watson Coleman Introduce, 2022).One challenge to developing market pressure for more efficient apartment-size refrigerators was that landlords are not incentivized to replace existing refrigerators with new ones as their tenants pay the utility bills (Pontecorvo, 2022). NYCHA therefore decided to announce a program to design an efficient refrigerator and promise to buy 20,000 refrigerators from the winner. The award went to General Electric (Kinney et al., 1997). The refrigerators were developed using existing technology to design 22-cubic-foot “super-efficient” refrigerators. At the time (1996), it was estimated that if all the Housing Authority refrigerators were replaced, the authority would save $5 million from its annual electric bill.This research was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors thank Cool Surface Manhattan Project team members Andre Desjarlais (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Sarah Schneider (Cool Roof Rating Council), Haley Gilbert (contractor to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), and Jackson Becce (Smart Surfaces Coalition) for their valuable feedback. They also thank Marc LaFrance and Sven Mumme of the Building Technologies Office for their guidance and support. Funding Information: Similarly 2011 the city of Delhi started developing the “Cool Roofs for Cool Delhi” design manual to discuss the various technical and design considerations for the installation of cool surfaces ( Cool Roofs for Cool Delhi, 2022 ). In 2011, the cities of Indore and Surat in India were supported by the Rockefeller Foundation and a local research foundation, TARU Leading Edge, to conduct cost-benefit analyses of installing cool roofs for vulnerable populations ( Cool roofs protecting local communities, 2017 ). Funding Information: Multiple congressional bills advocate the use of cool surfaces on buildings to mitigate urban heat island effects. This includes an effort led by U.S. Senator Ben Cardin (D-Md.) called the “Energy-Efficient Cool Roofs Act,” (S. 2388) introduced in 2014, this bill would have boosted job creation in the construction industry while improving building energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption ( Cardin, 2014 ). Another bill, “The Excess Urban Heat Mitigation Act of 2022” (H.R. 7534), introduced by Representatives Gallego and Coleman in 2022 would create a competitive grant program through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ( HUD ) to provide funding for eligible entities to combat the causes and mitigate the effects of excess urban heat. This act was referred to the House Committee on Financial Services in April 2022. The act would authorize $30M each year from FY23 to FY30 ( Gallego and Watson Coleman Introduce, 2022 ). Funding Information: This research was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 . The authors thank Cool Surface Manhattan Project team members Andre Desjarlais (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Sarah Schneider (Cool Roof Rating Council), Haley Gilbert (contractor to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), and Jackson Becce (Smart Surfaces Coalition) for their valuable feedback. They also thank Marc LaFrance and Sven Mumme of the Building Technologies Office for their guidance and support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2023",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113657",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "180",
journal = "Energy Policy",
issn = "0301-4215",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}