TY - JOUR
T1 - A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data
AU - Spatafora, Joseph W.
AU - Chang, Ying
AU - Benny, Gerald L.
AU - Lazarus, Katy
AU - Smith, Matthew E.
AU - Berbee, Mary L.
AU - Bonito, Gregory
AU - Corradi, Nicolas
AU - Grigoriev, Igor
AU - Gryganskyi, Andrii
AU - James, Timothy Y.
AU - O'Donnell, Kerry
AU - Roberson, Robert
AU - Taylor, Thomas N.
AU - Uehling, Jessie
AU - Vilgalys, Rytas
AU - White, Merlin M.
AU - Stajich, Jason E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Zygomycete fungi were classified as a single phylum, Zygomycota, based on sexual reproduction by zygospores, frequent asexual reproduction by sporangia, absence of multicellular sporocarps, and production of coenocytic hyphae, all with some exceptions. Molecular phylogenies based on one or a few genes did not support themonophyly of the phylum, however, and the phylum was subsequently abandoned. Here we present phylogenetic analyses of a genome-scale data set for 46 taxa, including 25 zygomycetes and 192 proteins, and we demonstrate that zygomycetes comprise two major clades that form a paraphyletic grade. A formal phylogenetic classification is proposed herein and includes two phyla, six subphyla, four classes and 16 orders. On the basis of these results, the phyla Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota are circumscribed. Zoopagomycota comprises Entomophtoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina and Zoopagomycotina; it constitutes the earliest diverging lineage of zygomycetes and contains species that are primarily parasites and pathogens of small animals (e.g. amoeba, insects, etc.) and other fungi, i.e. mycoparasites. Mucoromycota comprises Glomeromycotina, Mortierellomycotina, and Mucoromycotina and is sister to Dikarya. It is the more derived clade of zygomycetes and mainly consists of mycorrhizal fungi, root endophytes, and decomposers of plant material. Evolution of trophic modes, morphology, and analysis of genome-scale data are discussed.
AB - Zygomycete fungi were classified as a single phylum, Zygomycota, based on sexual reproduction by zygospores, frequent asexual reproduction by sporangia, absence of multicellular sporocarps, and production of coenocytic hyphae, all with some exceptions. Molecular phylogenies based on one or a few genes did not support themonophyly of the phylum, however, and the phylum was subsequently abandoned. Here we present phylogenetic analyses of a genome-scale data set for 46 taxa, including 25 zygomycetes and 192 proteins, and we demonstrate that zygomycetes comprise two major clades that form a paraphyletic grade. A formal phylogenetic classification is proposed herein and includes two phyla, six subphyla, four classes and 16 orders. On the basis of these results, the phyla Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota are circumscribed. Zoopagomycota comprises Entomophtoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina and Zoopagomycotina; it constitutes the earliest diverging lineage of zygomycetes and contains species that are primarily parasites and pathogens of small animals (e.g. amoeba, insects, etc.) and other fungi, i.e. mycoparasites. Mucoromycota comprises Glomeromycotina, Mortierellomycotina, and Mucoromycotina and is sister to Dikarya. It is the more derived clade of zygomycetes and mainly consists of mycorrhizal fungi, root endophytes, and decomposers of plant material. Evolution of trophic modes, morphology, and analysis of genome-scale data are discussed.
KW - Entomophthoromycotina
KW - Fungi
KW - Glomeromycotina
KW - Kickellomycotina
KW - Mortierellomycotina
KW - Mucoromycota
KW - Mucoromycotina
KW - Paraphyly
KW - Systematics
KW - Zoopagomycota Zoopagomycotina
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U2 - 10.3852/16-042
DO - 10.3852/16-042
M3 - Article
C2 - 27738200
AN - SCOPUS:84992209034
SN - 0027-5514
VL - 108
SP - 1028
EP - 1046
JO - Mycologia
JF - Mycologia
IS - 5
ER -