Repercussions of Patrilocal Residence on Mothers' Social Support Networks Among Tsimane Forager-Farmers

While it is commonly thought that patrilocality is associated with worse outcomes for women 27 and their children due to lower social support, few studies have examined whether the structure 28 of female social networks covaries with post-marital residence. Here we analyze scan sample 29 data collected among Tsimane forager-farmers. We compare the social groups and activity 30 partners of 181 women residing in the same community as their parents, their husband's parents, 31 both or neither. Relative to women living closer to their in-laws, women living closer to their 32 parents are less likely to be alone or solely in the company of their nuclear family (OR: 0.6, 33 95%CI: 0.3-0.9), and more likely to be observed with others when engaging in food processing 34 and manufacturing of market or household goods, but not other activities. Women are slightly 35 more likely to receive childcare support from outside the nuclear family when they live closer to 36 their parents (OR=1.8, 95%CI 0.8 - 3.9). Their social group size and their children's probability 37 of receiving allocate decrease significantly with distance from their parents, but not their in-laws. 38 Our findings highlight the importance of women's proximity to kin, but also indicate that 39 patrilocality per se is not costly to Tsimane women.