A female carpenter bee excavates hard (willow) wood inside the respirometry chamber. Only minor excavation progress was made during hard wood excavation trials.
Ostwald, M. M. (Creator), Fox, T. P. (Creator), Harrison, J. F. (Creator), Fewell, J. H. (Creator) (2021). Excavation of hard wood from Social consequences of energetically costly nest construction in a facultatively social bee. The Royal Society. 10.6084/m9.figshare.14386891