TY - JOUR
T1 - The effects of burning on isotope ratio values in modern bone
T2 - Importance of experimental design for forensic applications
AU - Sarancha, Julianne J.
AU - Eerkens, Jelmer W.
AU - Hopkins, Christopher J.
AU - Gonçalves, David
AU - Cunha, Eugénia
AU - Oliveira-Santos, Inês
AU - Vassalo, Ana
AU - Gordon, Gwyneth W.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - This study examined preservation of isotope ratio values by comparing isotope composition of bones before and after burning. We analyzed common geoprofiling isotope systems (δ 13C, δ 15N, δ 18O, and 87Sr/86Sr) and lesser studied systems (δ 34S and δ 88/86Sr) to evaluate if inferences about diet and residence history were altered by the burning process. We used two burn methods: one to simulate previous academic studies using a muffle furnace and one to more closely resemble a house fire or body disposal attempt using open flame. To mimic previous burn studies, ribs and femora from four dry modern human skeletons were heated in a muffle furnace. To resemble a forensic burn situation, fleshed pig ribs from a single geographic location were burned on an open fire both with and without use of a diesel accelerant. Isotope ratios from bone collagen, carbonate, phosphate, and strontium were analyzed. Fleshed pig samples burned in an open fire maintained unaltered isotope ratio values. Dry human samples burned in a muffle furnace maintained unaltered isotope ratio values in most isotope systems, except for δ 18O values in carbonate and phosphate, which showed a depletion of 18O at higher temperatures. This research suggests that the isotope composition of fleshed burned bone retains the geoprofiling inferences of unburned bone, at least within the parameters of the open fire burn used in this study. However, oxygen isotopes of carbonate and phosphate from dry bone burned in a muffle furnace do not retain the geoprofiling inferences. This research demonstrates the need for research using an experimental design relevant to a specific burn situation.
AB - This study examined preservation of isotope ratio values by comparing isotope composition of bones before and after burning. We analyzed common geoprofiling isotope systems (δ 13C, δ 15N, δ 18O, and 87Sr/86Sr) and lesser studied systems (δ 34S and δ 88/86Sr) to evaluate if inferences about diet and residence history were altered by the burning process. We used two burn methods: one to simulate previous academic studies using a muffle furnace and one to more closely resemble a house fire or body disposal attempt using open flame. To mimic previous burn studies, ribs and femora from four dry modern human skeletons were heated in a muffle furnace. To resemble a forensic burn situation, fleshed pig ribs from a single geographic location were burned on an open fire both with and without use of a diesel accelerant. Isotope ratios from bone collagen, carbonate, phosphate, and strontium were analyzed. Fleshed pig samples burned in an open fire maintained unaltered isotope ratio values. Dry human samples burned in a muffle furnace maintained unaltered isotope ratio values in most isotope systems, except for δ 18O values in carbonate and phosphate, which showed a depletion of 18O at higher temperatures. This research suggests that the isotope composition of fleshed burned bone retains the geoprofiling inferences of unburned bone, at least within the parameters of the open fire burn used in this study. However, oxygen isotopes of carbonate and phosphate from dry bone burned in a muffle furnace do not retain the geoprofiling inferences. This research demonstrates the need for research using an experimental design relevant to a specific burn situation.
KW - Burned bones
KW - Forensic anthropology
KW - Stable isotope analysis
KW - Unidentified remains
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133908016&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85133908016&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111370
DO - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111370
M3 - Article
C2 - 35816894
AN - SCOPUS:85133908016
SN - 0379-0738
VL - 337
JO - Forensic Science International
JF - Forensic Science International
M1 - 111370
ER -